digestive Flashcards
what connects lips to gums?
-mucosal fold called fredulum
function of soft palate
separates oral cavity from nasopharynx
what makes up the floor of the oral cavity?
supra-hyoid muscle-raises tongue and pushes it against hard palate
divisions of tongue
-pharyngeal (post. 1/3) pharyngeal has ligual tonsils -oral (anterior 2/3) oral has ligual papillae 1. filiform (no taste buds) 2. fungiform or folliate (sides, usually contain taste buds)
what is the largest ligual papilla?
the cicumvallate papilla
what innervates the tongue?
19 muscles-most innervated by CN XII
ant 2/3 CN VII(taste) and CNV (general)
post 1/3 CN IX
where does the esophagus end?
where does it pass through diaphragm?
passes diaphragm at level of T10 and ends at T11
what causes hiccups?
stretching of diaphragm
what is a peritoneal reflection?
double layer peritoneum connecting organs to abdominal wall
main function=carryin gblood vessels, nerves, and lymph for digestive system
peritoneal ligaments
connect abdominal organs to each other or abdominal wall
mesentery
attaches SI to posterior wall
omentum
lesser contains blood vessels and nerves and attaches organ to organ
greater covers coils of small intestine
–named based on which organs it attaches (eg gastrohepatic ligament)
intraperitoneal organs
surrounded by peritoneum-liver, stomach, ileum
retroperitoneal organs
behind peritoneum-pancreas, duodenum, rectum, bladder, kidneys
how long is the alimentary canal?
approx 9m
what is the capacity of the stomach?
1 liter normally
where is the stomach?
in L hypochondriac and epigastric region
where is the most common site of GI cancer?
distal esophagus (wear and tear from stomach acid contributes)
parts of the stomach
fundus, body, pyloris
- lesser curvature (gastrohepatic ligament)
- greater curvature (greater omentum)
- cardiac and pylorus sphincters
major contributors to saliva
we have over 1 million
- parotid (largest) below ear drains into oral cavity and is innervated by CN IX
- submandibular produces 40% of saliva, CN IX
- sublingual has short ducts that drain to floor of oral cavity and innervated by CN VII (40% of saliva)
what is the largest gland in the body?
where is it located?
liver-1.5 kg
R hypochondriac, epigastric, and L hypochondriac regions
what forms the common bile duct?
L and R hepatic ducts join from liver to form common hepatic, then cistic duct attaches and drains bile into 2nd part of duodenum
-150ml of bile capacity
what causes galstones?
cholesterol entering gal bladder (calcifies)
where does exocrine secretion from the pancreas go?
pancreatic duct–>common bile duct–>2nd part of duodemum through MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLA
what innervates the liver and pancreas
vegas nerve
greater splenic
blood supply is ciliary artery
