digestive

Question 1

what connects lips to gums?

Answer 1

-mucosal fold called fredulum

Question 2

function of soft palate

Answer 2

separates oral cavity from nasopharynx

Question 3

what makes up the floor of the oral cavity?

Answer 3

supra-hyoid muscle-raises tongue and pushes it against hard palate

Question 4

divisions of tongue

Answer 4

-pharyngeal (post. 1/3)
pharyngeal has ligual tonsils
-oral  (anterior 2/3)
oral has ligual papillae
1. filiform (no taste buds)
2. fungiform or folliate (sides, usually contain taste buds)

Question 5

what is the largest ligual papilla?

Answer 5

the cicumvallate papilla

Question 6

what innervates the tongue?

Answer 6

19 muscles-most innervated by CN XII
ant 2/3 CN VII(taste) and CNV (general)
post 1/3 CN IX

Question 7

where does the esophagus end?

where does it pass through diaphragm?

Answer 7

passes diaphragm at level of T10 and ends at T11

Question 8

what causes hiccups?

Answer 8

stretching of diaphragm

Question 9

what is a peritoneal reflection?

Answer 9

double layer peritoneum connecting organs to abdominal wall

main function=carryin gblood vessels, nerves, and lymph for digestive system

Question 10

peritoneal ligaments

Answer 10

connect abdominal organs to each other or abdominal wall

Question 11

mesentery

Answer 11

attaches SI to posterior wall

Question 12

omentum

Answer 12

lesser contains blood vessels and nerves and attaches organ to organ
greater covers coils of small intestine
–named based on which organs it attaches (eg gastrohepatic ligament)

Question 13

intraperitoneal organs

Answer 13

surrounded by peritoneum-liver, stomach, ileum

Question 14

retroperitoneal organs

Answer 14

behind peritoneum-pancreas, duodenum, rectum, bladder, kidneys

Question 15

how long is the alimentary canal?

Answer 15

approx 9m

Question 16

what is the capacity of the stomach?

Answer 16

1 liter normally

Question 17

where is the stomach?

Answer 17

in L hypochondriac and epigastric region

Question 18

where is the most common site of GI cancer?

Answer 18

distal esophagus (wear and tear from stomach acid contributes)

Question 19

parts of the stomach

Answer 19

fundus, body, pyloris

• lesser curvature (gastrohepatic ligament)
• greater curvature (greater omentum)
• cardiac and pylorus sphincters

Question 20

major contributors to saliva

Answer 20

we have over 1 million

1. parotid (largest) below ear drains into oral cavity and is innervated by CN IX
2. submandibular produces 40% of saliva, CN IX
3. sublingual has short ducts that drain to floor of oral cavity and innervated by CN VII (40% of saliva)

Question 21

what is the largest gland in the body?

where is it located?

Answer 21

liver-1.5 kg

R hypochondriac, epigastric, and L hypochondriac regions

Question 22

what forms the common bile duct?

Answer 22

L and R hepatic ducts join from liver to form common hepatic, then cistic duct attaches and drains bile into 2nd part of duodenum
-150ml of bile capacity

Question 23

what causes galstones?

Answer 23

cholesterol entering gal bladder (calcifies)

Question 24

where does exocrine secretion from the pancreas go?

Answer 24

pancreatic duct–>common bile duct–>2nd part of duodemum through MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLA

Question 25

what innervates the liver and pancreas

Answer 25

vegas nerve
greater splenic
blood supply is ciliary artery