respiratory Flashcards
subdivisions of respiratory
- anatomical: upper=nasal, sinuses, and pharynx and lower=larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
- functional: conducting=nasal, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi down to terminal bronchioles and respiratory=respiratory bronchioles and alveolar tissue
what makes up the external nose
- nasal and maxillary bones
- hyline cartilages: alar forms nostrils, septal forms nasal septum
what makes up the walls of the nasal cavities?
roof=ethmoid (CN1 through cribiform plate)
floor=maxilla and palatine bone
lateral walls=maxilla, palatine, and ethmoid bones
how is the nasal cavity connected to pharynx?
through posterior nasal aperture (choanae)
nasal vestibule
anterior part of nasal cavity, covered by skin and hair
nasal conchae
superior, middle, and inferior (lateral wall of nasal cavities)
increase surface area of respiratory epithelium in preparation of air
nasal meatuses have openings to paranasal sinuses
which nerve supplies general sensory fibers to nose?
which artery supplies blood?
C5 maxillary
maxillary artery
paranasal sinuses
- air-filled, surround nasal cavities
- 4 major ones: frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoid, maxillary
function of paranasal sinuses
- help to reduce weight of skull (air instead of bone)
- involved in preparation of air-covered by respiratory epithelium
- contribute to voice resonation—>why your voice changes when you get a cold
nasopharynx
behind nasal cavity (CN5 sense)
opening of pharyngotympanic tube-which balances ear pressure in the middle ear and pharynx
has pharyngeal tonsil
which nerve sensitizes the pharynx?
- nasopharynx-CN5
- oropharynx-CN9
- laryngopharynx-CN10
where does the pharynx end?
at the level of C6/beginning of esophagus
how does the pharynx contract?
only CN10 controls muscles of pharynx
how are cartilages in the larynx connected?
-cricothyroid ligament connects inferior thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilages
@ level of C6
-cricotracheal ligament connects cricoid and tracheal cartilages
where does the vocal cord attach?
arytenoid cartilage
vocal cords
two folds formed by ligaments
- vestibular (false) vocal cord, w/vestibule sitting above
- vocal (true) chord, w/infraglottic sitting below
what is the gap b/t the true and false vocal chords?
ventricle
when it’s larger–>deeper voicej
what is the gap b/t the two true vocal chords?
gap is open when we breathe and closes when we talk
what is the narrowest part of the larynx?
gap above vocal chord
where does the trachea end and bifurcate?
- ends at T4/T5
- @carina (v shaped cartilage)
how are branches of bronchus named?
1st gen=primary/main L and R bronchus
2nd=lobar/secondary
3rd=tertiary/segmental
23-25 generations
which bronchi are shorter?
right are wider and shorter than left
what distiguishes bronchi from bronchioles?
when cartilage is completely gone and replaced by smooth muscle fibers
inferior border of lung
sits at 6th rib anteriorly, 8th laterally, and 10th posteriorly
medial surface of lung
- hilum (pulmonary artery, veins, and bronchi)
- oblique fissure
- horizontal fissure (R lung only)
lateral surface of lung
cardiac notch (anterior border)
lowest point of pleural cavity
10th rib laterally and 12th posteriorly
-called costodiaphragmatic recess
what innervates the pleura?
- parietal innervated by somatic nervous system
- visceral innervated by autonomic fibers after they supply lung tissue
- different pain sensations: sharp pain that can be localized (late infection) from somatic and dull pain that can’t be from visceral (early infection)
