Reproduction

Question 1

what are the differences in male and female reproductive systems?

Answer 1

• male’s is connected to urinary, females is not
• most male reproductive organs outside pelvis in males, not in females
• males have no connection to peritoneal cavity (females have a direct connection b/t outside environment and peritoneal cavity–>route of infection)

Question 2

where are excess peritoneal fluids drained in males?

Answer 2

peritoneal reflection on anterior surface of rectum forms rectovesical pouch

Question 3

what covers the testis?

Answer 3

dense connective tissue (capsule-like) called tunica albuginea (white layer) and septums that enter testis and form lobules (up to 250)

Question 4

what produces sperm?

Answer 4

seminiferous tubules in testis lobules–>efferent ductules–>rete testis—>epididymis–>vas defrens

Question 5

erectile tissue of penis

Answer 5

specialized CT w/many blood chambers

-3 columns that converge to make shaft/body

Question 6

crus of penis

bulb of penis

Answer 6

forms corpus cavernosum in root

bulb continues as corpus spongiosum

Question 7

uterovesical pouch

retourouterine pouch

Answer 7

peritoneal pouches
-b/t bladder and uterus
-b/t uterus and rectum, deepest part of peritoneal cavity
fluid accumulates here in females and can be drained through anal canal or vagina

Question 8

uterine tube sections

Answer 8

1. infundibulum-lateral end of tube
2. ampulla-lateral 2/3 and most common fertalization site
3. isthmus-medial 1/3 connecting to uterine lumen
4. uterine part-w/in uterine wall, connects to lumen of uterus

Question 9

what are fimbriae and their function

Answer 9

finger-like projections from uterine tube that move to catch egg cells in presence of estrogen

Question 10

what splits the uterus into different parts?

Answer 10

body is below entrance to uterine tube, fundus is above

cervix is inserted into lumen of vagina

Question 11

fornix

Answer 11

circular space surrounding cervix

there are ant, lateral, and posterior

Question 12

openings to uterus

Answer 12

internal os-lumen of uterus to cervical canal

external os-connects cervical canal to lumen of vagina

Question 13

broad ligament

Answer 13

• peritoneal reflection from lateral side of uterus to lateral pelvic cavity
  1. mesosalpinx attaches to uterine tube
  2. mesovarium attaches to ovary
  3. mesometrium is the remaining part

Question 14

what connects the ovaries to the uterus?

Answer 14

ovarian ligament b/t two layers of broad

Question 15

what are the ovaries attached to?

Answer 15

posterior broad ligament and lateral wall of pelvic cavity

Question 16

what is the only real intraperitoneal structure

Answer 16

ovaries-migrate from abdominal cavity to uterus w/in two layers of broad ligament

Question 17

why is the uterus leaning toward the bladder?

Answer 17

uterosacral ligament (cervix and sacral attachments) pulls cervix posteriorly
round ligament pulls body laterally

Question 18

angles of uterus

Answer 18

anteflexion-b/t axis of uterus and cervix–120
anteversion-b/t axis of cervix and vagina–90
important for keeping fornix space open (where semen accumulates and becomes motile after 30m)

Question 19

what innervates the mammary gland

Answer 19

T2-T6 intercostals

Question 20

mammary gland

Answer 20

glandular tissue w/in the fat is separated into 16-20 lobes w/its own lactiferous duct by suspensory ligament septa