renal

Question 1

lower border of kidney surface landmark

Answer 1

L3

Question 2

superior border of kidney bony landmark

Answer 2

11th rib for L kidney

12th is superior to right b/c liver pushes it down

Question 3

how do the kidneys stay in place?

Answer 3

no mesentary but they have renal facia

protected by perinephric, fat, and fibrous capsule

Question 4

narrowings of ureter

Answer 4

at the beginning where it arises from renal pelvis at L1
where it passes the iliac artery
where it enters the bladder (S2)

Question 5

capacity of bladder

Answer 5

700-800ml
1st warning-150ml
2nd-300ml
3rd warning: 500ml(functional capacity)

Question 6

which ligaments hold the bladder on the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 6

medial umbilicall, 2 lateral umbilical ligament

Question 7

why is UTI more common in females?

Answer 7

b/c their urethra is like 4cm compared to 20cm in males

Question 8

innervation of urinary system

Answer 8

sympathetic fibers supplied by splachnic nerve (source=lumbar and sacral), para by vagus