Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeleton
Shape Support Protection Movement Blood cell production
What are the four types of bones
Flat bone
Long bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
What is the definition of a joint
A joint is the connection point between two bones where movement occurs
What are the three types of joints
Synovial - freely moveable
Slightly moveable
Immovable
What are the six types of synovial joints
Hinge joint Ball and socket joint Condyloid joint Pivot joint Saddle joint Gliding joint
What is a hinge joint and an example
A hinge joint is when the joint acts like a door hinge allowing the joint to have flexion and extension
Example - elbow or knee
What is a saddle joint and an example
Where the thumb meets the wrist the bones it fits up against each other like a saddle fits a horse
Example - thumb
What is a pivot joint and an example
A pivot joint is when the vertebrae in your neck allows you to move your head side to side
What is a glide joint and an example
A gliding joint is when it can move in any direction
Example - bones in hand - carpals and metacarpals
What is a Condyloid joint and an example
It is a joint that allows circular movement. In this joint the ball rests against the end of a bone rather than inside the socket
Example - carpals of the wrist resting against radius bone of the forearm
What is a ball and socket joint and an example
A ball and socket joint is when one bone that ends in a ball shape sits in a socket shaped bone. It allows a wide range of movements
Example - hip or shoulder
What are the three types of connective tissue
Tendons
Ligaments
Cartilage
What does a tendon hold together and it which area of the body
It joins muscles to bone
Example - biceps to humerous
What does cartilage protect and where is it found in the body
It protects the end of a joint, it provides protection and shock absorption
Example - ear
What does a ligament join together and where is it found in the body
It joins bone to bone
Example - femur
What is flexion
Flexion occurs in a hinge joint, it is the decrease of the joint
What is extension
Extension occurs at a hinge joint, is is the increase of the angle at a joint
What is adduction
Adduction occurs at a ball and socket joint, it is when you bring the bone back to the body
What is abduction
Abduction occurs at a ball and socket joint, it is taking the bone away from the body
What is rotation
Rotation occurs at most joints, it is circular movement at a joint
In what sports would you use rotation
Swimming - front crawl
In what sports would you use flexion and extension
When you are passing a ball in netball
What sports would you use abduction and adduction
In tennis when you are hitting the ball
Name the twelve muscles in the body
Trapezium Deltoid Pectoralis major Triceps Biceps Latissimus Doris Erector spinae Abdominals Gluteus maximus Quadriceps Hamstrings Gastrocnemius
What are the three types of muscles
Involuntary
Voluntary
Cardiac
What is an involuntary muscle and where is it found
It is found in and around organs such as the intestines and around blood vessels
It works without you consciously controlling it or even being aware of it
What is a cardiac muscle and where is it found
It is a special muscle with forms the walls of the heart chamber. It is a type of involuntary muscle as it contracts without conscious thought or effort. As long as the heart is healthy, cardiac muscle never gets tired
What is a voluntary muscle and where is it found
It is a type of muscle responsible for moving your arm and legs
It is attached to bone
It moves the bone under you conscious control
It receives signals from your conscious brain via your nervous system
What is an origin (pe)
This is the end of the muscle attached to the fixed bone (the bone that stays still during movement)
What is and insertion (pe)
This is the end of the muscle attached to the moving bone
What is the prime mover (pe)
This it the muscle that initially contracts to start a movement (also known as the agonist)
What is the antagonist (pe)
This is the muscle that relaxes to allow a movement to take place
What is an antagonistic pair (pe)
This is the term used to describe how muscles work in pairs and with each other to produce movement (biceps and triceps)
Name the 19 bones
Cranium - head Clavicle - collar bone Scapula - shoulder blades Humerous - top arm Ulna - front bottom arm Radius - back bottom arm Phalanges - finger tips Metacarpals - middle finger Carpals - end finger Rib cage Sternum Pelvis Femur - thigh Patella - knee Tibia - shin Fibula - calf Phalanges - tip of toe Metatarsals - middle toe Tarsals - end toe
