Skeletal System Flashcards
enumerate the functions of the bones
- supportive framework of the body
- protect vital organs
- hemopoiesis or blood cell formation
- storage of minerals
- act as biochemical levers on which muscles act to produce motion
what do you call the blood cell formation
Hemopoiesis
the shaft of the bone
Diaphysis
proximal and distal part of the bone
epiphysis
part of the bone that can only be seen in children ; made of hyeline cartilage; line at the end of each bone
Epiphyseal Plate
the region between Diaphysis and Epiphysis
metaphysis
two bone tissues
- Compact
- Cancellous
bone cells that are found in the surface of the bone ; involved in bone deposition
Osteoblasts
bone cells that are embedded deep in the bone ; involved in the resorption or breakdown of bone tissue
osteoclasts
what determines bone mass, density, and structure
it’s the balance between bone deposition and resorption
outer bone is ___ with ___ underneath
cortical ; cancellous
low porosity; 5 to 30% nonmineralized tissue
Cortical bone
spongy ; high porosity, 30% to 90%
Cancellous bone
60-70% of bone weight
calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
20-30% of bone weight
water
it provides some flexibility and strength in resisting tension
collagen
aging causes ____
progressive loss of collagen & increases brittleness
two classifications of bone parts
Axial and Appendicular
how many cranial bones do we have
8
how many facial bones do we have
14
how many bones are there in the axial skeleton
80
how many bones are there in the ribs
24
how many sternum bones do we have
1
number of cervical vertebrae
7
number of thoracic vertebrae
12
number of lumbar vertebrae
5
how many sacrum do we have
1
how many coccyx do we have
1
total girdle and upper limb bones
64
total girdle and lower limb bones
62
total appendicular skeleton bones
126
total number of bones
206
consists of Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Bone marrow
Long bones
cuboidal, composed of cancellous bone and covered by compact bone
short bones
composed of tables (outer compact bone) and dipole (cancellous)
flat bone
includes those that are not assigned to the previous group
irregular bone
small nodules of bond that are found in certain tendons where they rub over bony surface
sesamoid bone
function of sesamoid bone
to reduce friction of the tendon ; alter the direction of the pull of the tendon
three main classification of joints. differentiate.
- Synarthroses or fibrous joints (moveable)
- Ampiarthroses or Cartilaginous joints (slightly moveable)
- Diarthroses or Synovial joints (moveable)
examples of synathroses
sutures of the skull
six types of diarthrodial joints
- Hinge / Ginglymus Joint
- Pivot / Trochoid
- Condylar Joint
- Plane or Gliding Joint
- Saddle / Sellar Joint
- Ball and Socket / Enarthrodial Joint
2 plane or flat bony surfaces which butt against each other ; little motion possible in any 1 joint articulation; usually work together in series of articulations
Arthrodial (Gliding) Joints
a uniaxial articulation; articular surface allow motion in only one plane
Hinge / Ginglymus Joint
uniaxial articulation; atlantoaxial joint which turns in a bony ring, proximal & distal radio-ulnar joints
Pivot / Trochoid Joints
biaxial ball and socket joint ; one bone with an oval concave surface received by another bone with an oval convex surface
Condyloid/ar or Knuckle Joint
multiaxial or triaxial ball and socket joint ; bony rounded head fitting into concave articular surface
Enarthrodial Joint / Ball and Socket
unique triaxial joint ; 2 reciprocally concave and convex articular surfaces
sellar/saddle joint
