Cardiovascular System Flashcards
organ system responsible for transportation of blood
Cardiovascular System
located around the 5th intercostal space (top)
apex
located beneath 2nd rib (tip)
base
protection of the heart
pericardium
outer part of pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium
inner part of pericardium
serous pericardium
two parts of serous pericardium
parietal and visceral
outermost layer of the heart
Epicardium
middle layer of the heart
myocardium
innermost layer of the heart
endocardium
two chambers of the heart
atria and ventricles
atria ____ blood
receives
ventricles are responsible for____
discharging ?? (need ko ppt anong notes to?)
give the two atrioventricular valves
- Tricuspid
- Mitral (Bicuspid)
give the two semilunar valves
- Pulmonary
- Aortic
explain blood flow
- inferior/ superior vena cava
- RA to Tricuspid (opens)
- RV
- (contract) open Pulmonary Valve
- Pulmonary Artery
- Lungs (oxygenation)
- Travels to heart via Pulmonary Vein
- LA
- (opens) Mitral/ Bicuspid Valve
- (contract) opens aortic valve
- Aorta
- Aorta»_space;> arteries»_space;> rest of the body
heart strings
chordae tendinae
systole
ventricular contraction
diastole
ventricular relaxation
sinoatrial node
primary pacemaker; starts electrical impulse
atrioventricular node
delays the blood entry
bundle of His
septum of the heart ; divisions
R and L bundles
send signals
Purkinje Fibers
spread / delivers electrical impulse ; biggest pacemaker
how many b/m on AV Nodes
40-60
how many b/m on sinoatrial node
60-100
intrinsic conduction system
provides the beating system of the heart
cardiac cycle
one complete heartbeat ; 75 times/minute
normal length / cardiac cycle
0.8s
tachycardia
fast heartbeat
bradycardia
slow heartbeat
periods of cardiac cycle
- Mid-late diastole
- Ventricular Systole
- Early Diastole
what period of cardiac cycle occurs when the ventricles are at complete rest or relaxed state
Early Diastole
in ventricular systole, AV valves are ___, while SV valves are ____
closed ; closed
what happens in mid to late diastole
ventricular filling and atrial contraction
isovolumetric contraction and ventricular contraction falls under what period of cardiac cycle
ventricular systole
what phase occurs in early diastole
isovolumetric relaxation
S1
lubb sound
lower sound ; lower pitched and longer ; caused by closing of AV valves
S1 (lubb)
second heart sound ; high pitched ; shorter; caused by closing of SV valves
S2 (dub)
ventricular gallop (S3)
ta (after dub)
S4
ta - (before lub) ; atrial gallop
cardiac output
amount of blood pumped out by the heart in 1 min ; 6L
stroke volume
blood pumped out by ventricles with each heartbeat
formula of cardiac output
HR x SV
what does vascular system consist of?
- arteries
- ventricles
- capillaries
tunica intima
This is the innermost layer of the blood vessel ; consists of endothelial cells
It provides a smooth, frictionless surface for blood flow, minimizing resistance and facilitating efficient circulation.
The endothelial cells play a role in regulating vascular tone, blood clotting, and immune responses.
tunica intima
tunica media
This is the middle layer of the blood vessel and is the thickest layer in arteries.
It controls the diameter of the vessel, regulating blood flow and blood pressure through vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
The smooth muscle fibers allow the vessel to contract and expand in response to stimuli.
tunica media
tunica externa
This is the outermost layer of the blood vessel.
It provides structural support and elasticity to the blood vessel, helping it withstand external pressure.
It anchors the vessel to surrounding tissues, ensuring its position and stability.
tunica externa
what blood do arteries carry
oxygenated blood ; dirty blood
the pressure of blood in the arteries are ____
high
what blood do veins carry
deoxygenated blood ; clean blood
the pressure of blood in the veins are ____
low
what blood do capillaries carry
oxygenated on the arterial side and deoxygenated on ventrial side
thinnest artery
capillaries
