Skeletal System Flashcards
Human skeleton does what/ amount of bones?
•Made up of 206, babies 290
•Support/Shape
•movement
•Mineral Store
•Protection
•Blood cell production
Axial/Skeleton
•Axial- core of the human skeleton, made up of 80 bones in the head, spine, ribs
•Appendicular Skeleton
•bones in your arms, legs, hands, and feet, as well as the shoulder and hip girdles
Minerals stored in bones?
What minerals do
•bones store, calcium phosphate, magnesium
•calcium levels effect nerve control, muscle function, blood clotting/sugar regulation, enzyme function
What do Blood cell produce/ their purpose
•red/white cells made in bone marrow
•red blood cells Carry oxygen take away waste (CO2)
•white for immune system
Bone tissue types, Compact
•outer layer of bone
•withstand high forces
•high impact functional unit osteon,
Bone tissue, sponge bone
•inside bone sponges porous (marrow found inside)
•adds strength in stress points
•makes light but strong
Bone tissue, bone marrow
•soft connective tissue
• produces red/white blood cells
•inside pours of sponges bone
Periosteum is what on the bone
•fibrous sheath that covers bones.
•contains the blood vessels and nerves that provide nourishment, sensation to the bone
What are the Bone cells?
•3 types specialised
•Osteoblasts
•Osteocytes
• Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
•makes bone cells
•secrete collagen mineralise to become bone
•bone growth
•mineral uptake
Osteocytes
•regulate mineral homeostasis
•direct mineral uptake
•release into blood when needed
Osteoclasts
•Dissolves minerals in bone matrix to release to blood
Bones cells process
• under direct of Osteocytes,
•osteoblasts continuously build up bone
•osteoclasts continuously break down old bone for new
Joint classification
Main types
•Fibrous- held by collagenous connective tissue (between skull)
•Cartilaginous connected by cartilage (pubic symphysis
•Synovial, synovial cavity surrounded by articular capsule and ligaments.
Factors affecting joint mobility
•Shape/joint surface
•impinging bone around joint
•ineffective muscle
•soft structure affecting flexing
•temperature
•age and gender
Articulation points
•where muscles attach to bone
•bones have marking+grooves where the muscles attach
Types of bones
•Long Bones
•Short Bones
•Flat Bones
•Irregular Bones
•Sesamoid Bones
Fractured neck of femur
•Broken hip
•trauma, age/ mobility, Parkinson’s
•osteoarthritis
Synovial joint, parts
•Bone
•Synovial membrane
•Articular Cartilage
•Articular Capsula
•Joint cavity contains Synovial Fluid
Flat bones
•Flat bones (e.g. skull bones)… protect internal organs/ large surface
Long bones
•Long bones (e.g. femur)… acts as lever/ structure
•Diaphysis
Short bones
•Short bones (e.g. carpal bones)… support+ movement +stability
Irregular bones
•Irregular bones (e.g. vertebrae) specialised functions, support, protection, and muscle attachments
Sesamoid bones
•Sesamoid bones (e.g. patella)… protect tendons from wear + tear.
What helps Synovial joint move
Articular Cartilage
Synovial Fluid
Other name for shaft of long bone
Diaphysis
