Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Types of muscles

Answer 1

•CARDIAC- pump blood… cardiorespiratory system=involuntary
•SMOOTH- blood vessels+gut movement… involuntary
•SKELETAL- 600 named muscles, voluntary… can be involuntary e.g. shivering

Question 2

Muscle characteristics

Answer 2

•Respond to Stimuli
•Conductive
•Contractility- Shorten to Thicken then stimulated
•Extensibility- stretch/extend
•Elastic

Question 3

Connections

Answer 3

•Bone to Bones= LIGAMENTS
•Bone to Muscle= TENDONS
•Tendons are part of muscle unit but… are ATTACHMENT POINT not contractile tissue

Question 4

Tendons made of

Answer 4

•Collagenous fibre… strong yet pliable

Question 5

Movement of muscles

Answer 5

• Muscles work in groups (2 or more)
• Reciprocal Relaxation = One muscle AGONIST (Contracts) then the ANTAGONIST (Relaxes)
•SYNERGIST- aids movement
•FIXATOR- Holds body/part still

Question 6

Example Movement of muscles

Answer 6

AGONIST- Bicep
ANTAGONIST- Tricep
SYNERGIST- brachioradialis stables elbow
FIXATOR- Deltoid stabilises bicep

Question 7

Functions of SKELETAL MUSCLE

Answer 7

•MOTION
•POSTURE
•STORAGE of glycogen
•VENOUS RETURN… aids blood return= calf muscles
•THERMOGENESIS- temp regulation

Question 8

What is Osteoarthritis + Osteophytes

Answer 8

•ROUGHENING OF CARTILAGE
•OSTEOPHYTES (small bits of bone) then grow on ends of bone in a joint
•Increased Thick fluid in the joint
•Joint capsule can stretch= joint losing shape

Question 9

Osteoarthritis high risk + how to reduce risk

Answer 9

•More likely in women over 45
•Reducing pressure and doing exercise to keep strong muscles+bone density

Question 10

Voluntary Muscles

Answer 10

•Skeletal- Biceps, Quads, Glutes, Abdominal

Question 11

Involuntary muscles

Answer 11

•Smooth muscles-