Respitory System

Question 1

What is respiration

Answer 1

•ventilation-movement of air in and out lungs
•gas exchange external+internal
•gas transport>bloodstream
•breathing in inspiration…out expiration
•normal breathing is a rhythmic involuntary 12/15 times per minute.

Question 2

Resp System route

Answer 2

•Nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx (vocal chords), trachea, 2 bronchi, lungs, bronchioles, exchange takes place in alveoli.

Question 3

Muscles of respiration

Answer 3

Diaphragm + Intercostal muscles

Question 4

Nose function

Answer 4

•warms air- good blood supply
•moistens air- mucous
•filters air- cilia and mucous

Question 5

Pharynx functions

Answer 5

•passage way for air+food
•aids sound/speech
•warms humidity

Question 6

Larynx functions

Answer 6

•(voice box) pharynx to trachea
•produces sound
•filters, particles to trachea

Question 7

Trachea functions

Answer 7

•(windpipe)
•lined with ciliated mucous with goblet cells to trap particles
•protected by 20…C…shaped rings

Question 8

Bronchial tree

Answer 8

•Bronchi’s divide into a lung
•divides again to bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Question 9

Alveoli functions

Answer 9

•Walls are a cell thick, surrounded by capillaries for deoxygenation through alveolar membrane.
•Surfactant, substance from alveolar membrane to reduce tension, preventing alveolar collapse during expiration.
•150mill alveoli in a single adult lung.

Question 10

Gaseous exchange. Where? How? Why good exchange

Answer 10

•Alveoli sites of exchange
•gas exchange good as large surface thin cell walls plus good blood supply
•gas exchange occurs from diffusion. O2 from high to low O2 concentration.

Question 11

Lungs. Where? What’s inside?

Answer 11

•in midline of Thoracic cavity
•Bronchus large blood vessels into each lung. 5 lobes 3 in right 2 in left.
•In lobes is lobules containing:
Alveoli, nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels + connective tissue.

Question 12

Lungs lobes in order, top to bottom

Answer 12

Right lung: superior, middle, inferior.
Left lung: superior, inferior.

Question 13

Pleural cavity. What’s inside? What’s around? Why smooth movement? What attaches them?

Answer 13

•both lungs in a bag of pleural membrane separated by serous fluid.
•serous fluid is to allow membranes to glide over lungs.
•membranes…visceral pleura adheres to the lung…parietal pleura adheres to chest wall.

Question 14

Regulation of breathing

Answer 14

•Nerves in brain medulla control respiration pattern
•Chemoreceptors in arch of aorta and carotid arteries.

Question 15

Blood flow in lungs

Answer 15

•right ventricle goes to pulmonary arterie then divides into lungs again and again until forming a dense capillary network around air sacks where gas exchange takes place.
•blood reoxygenates then is collected by venules that then join to form 2 pulmonary veins taking blood back to be pumped around body.

Question 16

Breathing in muscular terms

Answer 16

•11 pairs of intercostal between ribs + 12 pairs of ribs
•inhales use the intercostal muscles.
•diaphragm domed on floor of thoracic cavity, fixed to lower ribs. Contracts to in crease lung volume increases, decreasing air pressure inside… pulling in air to lungs.