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sport unit 1 > skeletal system > Flashcards

skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

which bones make up the axial

A

face bones, cranium, sternum, ribs and vertebrae

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2
Q

which bones make up the appendicular

A

arms, legs, shoulder region and pelvis

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3
Q

functions and examples of long bones

A

movement, blood cell production, support and leverage
femur and humerus

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4
Q

functions and examples of short bones

A

provide a controlled movement, weight bearing
carpals and tarsals

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4
Q

functions and examples of flat bones

A

protect vital organs and allow muscle attachment
cranium and ribs

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4
Q

functions of an irregular bone and an example

A

movement and protection
vertebrae

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5
Q

functions and example of a sesamoid bone

A

reduces friction and protection
patella

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6
Q

give the order of bones in the spine and their numbers

A
  1. cervical x7
  2. thoracic x12
  3. lumbar x5
  4. sacral x5
  5. coccygeal x4
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7
Q

give the definition of kyphosis

A

an excessive outward curve in the thoracic region resulting in a ‘hunchback’ look

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8
Q

what can kyphosis be caused by

A

poor posture, arthritis or tumours

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9
Q

give the definition of scoliosis

A

a lateral curvature left or right in the thoracic region

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10
Q

where is scoliosis most common

A

in children, exact reasoning for it is unknown however may be inheritable oiklj

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11
Q

what is ossification

A

the process of bone growth

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12
Q

what do osteoblasts and osteoclasts do

A

osteoblasts - take calcium to the bones
osteoblasts - take calcium away from the bones

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13
Q

what happens to osteoblast activity when you exercise and what does it result in

A

during exercise, osteoblast activity increases and so bones become stronger. More calcium will also be stored so there is a reduced risk of osteoporosis

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14
Q

what are the three types of joints

A

fixed/fibrous
slightly moveable/cartigilous
synovial

15
Q

what are the types of synovial joints

A
  1. hinge
  2. ball and socket
  3. condyloid
  4. gliding
  5. saddle
  6. pivot
16
Q

hinge joint

A
  • knee and elbow
  • allows movement in one direction
  • knee bending when running
17
Q

ball and socket

A
  • hip and shoulder
  • allows movement in all directions
  • throwing an object
18
Q

condyloid

A
  • wrists and fingers
  • allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction
  • dribbling the ball
19
Q

gliding

A
  • carpals and tarsals
  • formed between bones which glide over each other
  • sliding/twisting movement
  • dribbling in hockey
20
Q

pivot

A
  • atlas and axis which create a pivot
  • rotation
21
Q

saddle

A

same as condyloid

22
Q

what is lateral flexion

A

a sideways movement while reducing the angle

23
Q

what is hyper extension

A

moving the body beyond its normal point

24
Q

what is horizontal flexion

A

bending arm whilst in front of body

25
Q

what is horizontal extension

A

extending arm whilst in front of body

26
Q

what is abduction

A

away from midline

27
Q

what is adduction

A

towards the midline

28
Q

definition of rotation

A

movement in a circular motion

29
Q

what is lateral and medial rotation

A

lateral - turning away from midline
medial - turning towards midline

30
Q

what is the definition of circumduction

A

circular movement in a conical motion

31
Q

what are the acute responses of exercise on the skeletal system

A
  • increased mineral uptake
  • increased release of synovial fluid
  • synovial fluid becomes less viscous
32
Q

what are the chronic responses of exercise on the skeletal system

A
  • increased bone strength due to more calcium
  • increased ligament and tendon strength
33
Q

function of the skeleton: movement

A

this creates a supporting framework allowing the body to maintain its shape
muscle that attach to the skeleton will provide movement as they contract, joints between bones will also create movement

34
Q

function of the skeleton: leverage

A

the longer your limbs are will determine how tall you are and the amount of leverage
the taller you are the more leverage you will have and therefore the greater rand of movement

35
Q

function of the skeleton:

A

sport unit 1 (6 decks)

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