energy systems

Question 1

describe how the ATP-PC system works

Answer 1

• a molecules of creatine phosphate breaks
• this energy given off from the broken bond will transfer to ADP
• the energy will allow a new phosphate bond to form and make a molecule of ATP
• 1 CP molecule makes 1 ATP molecule

Question 2

properties of the ATP-PC system

Answer 2

• used for anaerobic work
• used in explosive powerful sporting movements
• supplies for 6-10 secs
• takes 3 mins after exercise to be used again

Question 3

how does the lactate system work

Answer 3

• glucose found in the bloodstream breaks down to produce energy (anaerobic glycolysis)
• pyruvate is produced as a by-product which is then converted into lactate

Question 4

properties of the lactate system

Answer 4

• anaerobic
• system will work for 60-90 secs
• used in court/field sports

Question 5

how does the aerobic system work

Answer 5

1. aerobic glycolysis - glucose gets broken down into pyruvic acid using oxygen, 2 molecules of ATP are produced here as well
2. Krebs cycle - the pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria and gets converted into citric acid, 2 more molecules of ATP are produced here as well as hydrogen and carbon dioixde
   (the carbon dioxide is exhaled)
   (the hydrogen is used in the next phase)
3. electron tranmission chain - the hydrogen is accepted in the mitochondria and 34 molecules of ATP are produced

in total 1 glycogen moleucle makes 38 molecules of ATP

Question 6

what are the adaptations to the energy systems

Answer 6

1. increased creatine stores - body will adapt by storing more creatine in the muscles benefiting the ATP-PC system
2. increased tolerance to lactic acid -anaerobic training stimulates muscles to become more tolerant to lactic acid
3. better oxygen delivery - training the aerobic system will allow more energy to be produced efficiently
4. increased use of fats as energy - training will allow fat to be burnt as there will be a more efficient delivery of oxygen to the muscles
5. increased glycogen stores and number of mitochondria

Question 7

diabetes

Answer 7

this is a condition where the glucose in the blood is too high as it cannot enter the cells
insulin is released from the pancreas which is a hormone that allows the glucose into the cells
if you have diabetes then you will lack insulin

Question 8

hypoglycaemic attacks

Answer 8

this is when a persons glucose is too low in the blood
it may occur when someone with diabetes takes too much insulin, misses a meal or exercises too much
symptoms of an attack are sweating, shaking and problems concentrating

Question 9

increased creatine stores

Answer 9

short high intensity exercise will produce anaerobic energy, the body will adapt by producing more creatine allowing more powerful anaerobic movement

Question 10

increased tolerance to lactic acid

Answer 10

anaerobic training will allow muscles to tolerate lactic acid better
endurance training will allow the muscles to use fat and fuel and oxygen more efficiently increasing their tolerance to lactic acid

Question 11

aerobic energy system

Answer 11

as the cardiovascular system improves, more oxygen can be delivered efficiently