additional factors

Question 1

skeletal

Answer 1

1. arthritis - inflammation around a joint causing pain and stiffness caused by the rubbing of bones. Regular exercise can prevent arthritis as more synovial fluid will be released lubricating the joint and preventing them from rubbing together
2. osteoporosis - weakening of bones caused by a lack of calcium, as you age they naturally become weaker. Regular exercise will prevent as it stimulates the uptake of minerals
3. age

Question 2

muscular

Answer 2

1. age - muscle weaken as you age which is known as sarcopenia
2. cramp - a sudden involuntary contraction causing an uncomfortable sensation. May be due to dehydration or electrolyte imbalance

Question 3

respiratory

Answer 3

1. asthma - airways become restricted making is harder for air to enter the body. Causes wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath. regular exercise will strengthen respiratory muscles and aerobic exercise can improve breathing/oxygen uptake
2. altitude training - low air pressure = less oxygen. short term effects are shortness of breath, dizziness, confusion and problems concentrating - breathing rate will also increase
   long term effects allow more red blood cells meaning more oxygen can be taken to the working muscles

Question 4

cardiovascular

Answer 4

1. SADS (sudden arithmetic death syndrome) - heart condition that can occur in anyone, heart beating pattern becomes disrupted and may stop
2. blood pressure -
   hypertension = high blood pressure and so too much force may be exerted on the heart and arteries
   hypotension = low blood pressure may cause dizziness and tiredness due to lack of oxygen at the muscles. A lack of oxygen to the brain may cause fainting

Question 5

energy

Answer 5

1. diabetes and hypoglycaemia - diabetes is a condition where the amount of glucose in the blood is too high and cannot enter the cells, this is because they lack insulin which transports the glucose from the blood into the cells
   If someone with diabetes:
   - misses a meal
   - takes too much insulin
   - does too much exercise
   they will experience a low blood sugar level (hypoglycaemia)
   symptoms of a hypoglycaemia attack include shaking, sweating and trembling
2. children’s lack of lactate system - suggested that they work anaerobically as it is more difficult for them to remove waste products as their energy system has not fully developed