muscular system

Question 1

what are the properties of cardiac muscle

Answer 1

• found in the walls of the heart
• unconsciously controlled by the nervous system
• myogenic (set rhythm contraction)
• does not fatigue

Question 2

what is the function of cardiac muscle

Answer 2

to circulate blood through and out of the heart

Question 3

what are the properties of skeletal muscles

Answer 3

• attached to bones in the skeletal system
• consiously controlled
• muscle fibres work together in motor units

Question 4

what is the function of skeletal muscle

Answer 4

movement and support

Question 5

what are the properties of smooth muscle

Answer 5

• found in hollow organs
• unconsiously controlled by the nervous system

Question 6

what is the function of smooth muscle

Answer 6

controls body functions, like the movement of food through the diegstive system

Question 7

what do synergists do

Answer 7

1. support an action by preventing unwanted action at a joint so that the force generated by the agonist brings out the desired action
2. assists the agonist

Question 8

what do fixators do

Answer 8

stabalise a joint by removing unwanted movement

Question 9

what are the acute repsonses

Answer 9

1. increased blood supply
2. increased muscle temperature
3. increased muscle pliability
4. lactate accumulation
5. microtears

Question 10

what are the aerobic chronic responses

Answer 10

1. mitochondria
2. improved use of energy sources
3. increased myoglobin content

Question 11

type 1 muscle fibres

Answer 11

• slow twitch
• used in the aerobic energy system due to high levels of myoglobin and a dense capillary network
• contract with little force
• least resistant to fatige
• used during endurance events

Question 12

type 2a muscle fibres

Answer 12

• fast twitch
• they produce a medium force
• used in both aerobic and anaerobic events
• more resistant to fatigue than 2x but less resistant to type 1

Question 13

type 2x muscle fibres

Answer 13

• fast twitch
• strongest force of contraction
• the fibres are large and thick
• they consist of large motor neurones
• used for high power explosive sporting actions

Question 14

what is cramp

Answer 14

an involuntary contraction of the muscle causing an uncomfortable sensation
it prevents movement
may occur from dehydration or electrolyte imbalance

Question 15

what does ageing do to muscles

Answer 15

loose muscle mass reducing strength - known as sarcopenia