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Anatomy 1 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

typically how many bones are in the body

A

206

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2
Q

what are bones connected by

A

joints

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3
Q

state the 5 main fuccntions of the skeleton

A

support
protect
movement/location
mineral storage
blood cell production

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4
Q

name the 2 cells involved in bone remodeling

A

osteoblast/osteoclasts

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5
Q

define osteoblasts

A

lay down new bone

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6
Q

define osteoclasts

A

break down old bone

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7
Q

define the term “woven” bone

A

Collagen fibres randomly orientates, formed in fetal development or in bone repair woven bone is remodddlled into lamellar bone

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8
Q

define the term “lamellar” bone

A

mature bone, Collagen fibres organised parralell…compromised of osteons

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9
Q

what 2 component make up the skeleton

A

Axial Sksleton and Apendiculat Sksleton

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10
Q

what is consisted within the axial skeleton (state the amount of bones)

A

CRANKUM/SKULL-22 bones
viscerocranium-14
neurocranium-8
VERTEBRAL COLUMN-33bones/verterbrae
Rib cage-(12 pairs)+sternum

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11
Q

what is consisted in the apendicular skeleton (and the number of bones)

A

UPPER LIMB
pectoral girddle (clavicle/scapula)
bones of arms and hands
LOWER LIMB
pelvic girdle (illium,ischium,pubis)
bones of legs and feet

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12
Q

discuss the structure of short bones

A

similar to long bones
bones of wrists and ankles

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13
Q

discuss the structure of flat bones (give examples)

A

thin, flat usually curved
skull ,sternu, scapula,ribs

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14
Q

discuss the structure of irregular bones (give examples)

A

irregular and don’t fit into other categories
vertebrae, sacrum

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15
Q

discuss the structure of sesamoid bones (give examples)

A

small, round bones embedded in tendons
protect tendons+increase movement
patella

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16
Q

define the structure of long bones

A

LONG TUBE LIKE DIAPHYSIS
-strong but some flexibility
-mostly compact bone
TWO EPIPHYSIS
-articulate surface for joints
-mostly spongy bone but compact on surfacs
EPIPHYSEAL GROWTH PLATE
-seperated DIAPHYSIS and epiphyses
-site. of growth
-once growths complete…plate ossifies…epiphyseal line
PERIOSTEUM
-covers outer surface of bone
-site of attachments for tendons
ENDOSTEUM
-lines internal surface of cavities within bone

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17
Q

define the term “joints”

A

place where 2 or more bones make contact

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18
Q

name the 3 types of joints

A

fibrous,cartilaginous,synovial

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19
Q

define fibrous joints

A

bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue

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20
Q

define carilaginous joints

A

bones joined by cartilage

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21
Q

define “synovial” joints

A

bones not directly joind
-bones have a synovial cavity United by articulad capsule
-allows movement…limited by shape of synovial joints

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22
Q

describe the “spine”

A

main axis of skeleton
consist of 33 bones

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23
Q

how many vertevraes are in the body

A

24 vertebrae

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24
Q

name the parts of the spine (and number of vertebrae) they consist

A

cervical (7)
thorassic (12)
lumbar (5)
sacrum (5 fused veryeebrss)
coccyx (4 fused vertebrae)

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25
Q

name the properties of the spine

A

-vertebrae stacked
-connected by joints
-form stable flexible column

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26
Q

describe the “body” of the vertebrae

A

large flat disk shape,flat surfaces face inf/superior

27
Q

describe “pedicile “ of verterbae

A

foot of arch on either side

28
Q

describe “foramen” of veetebrae

A

hole of spinal chord

29
Q

describe “arch” of vertebrae

A

lateral and posterior walls of foramen

30
Q

describe “lamina”

A

posterior part of arch

31
Q

describe spineouss process of spinal chord

A

process where lamina join, site of muscle attachment

32
Q

name the 2 joints between verterbae

A

zyagophyseal joints/invertabral disk

33
Q

describe the zyagophyseal joints

A

-plannar joint
-allow restricted sliding movements

34
Q

discuss the properties of the “invertebral disc”

A

prevent bodies rubbing
between vertebral bodies
acts as a shock absorber
enable limited movement in all direction
fibrocartilage

35
Q

what makes up the “disks”

A

-external annulus fibrosus:fibrous sack
-internal nucleus:core,gel-like material

36
Q

with increased age, what happensto the disks

A

they become compressed hence why people “shrink” and also “weaken” with age

37
Q

what is the point of the 4 major spine curves

A

-accommodate upright posture
-allign body weight with limbs

38
Q

discuss the primary curvurture of the spine (outward/kyphosis)

A

present in neonate, natural embryonic outward curve of back

39
Q

discuss the secondary structure of spine (inward/lordosis)

A

-cervical-developed after birth when baby lifts head
-lumbar when child starts to sit and walk

40
Q

discuss the properties of “cervical” vertebrae

A

small body (dislocation common)
bifid spinous process
have transverse foramen for vertebral artery
C1-atlas-no body or spineous process
C2-axiz-good rotation has dens to fit into atlas
C7-prominent spine process

41
Q

describe properties “thoracic” veterbrae

A

-long process
-joint facets for the ribs on transverse process

42
Q

define lumbar vertebrae

A

-large thick body + long process
-ruptured disks common due to weight of body

43
Q

define “saacrum” of the vertebrae

A

-transverse process fused to form lateral part
-spineous process partially fuse to form sacral crest on dorsum

44
Q

define “coccyx” of vertebrae

A

3-5 fused vertebrae
small vertebrae, no foramen or obvious process
easily broken if landed on

45
Q

name the 3 unnatural curvesv

A

-scoliosis
-enhanced lorosis
-enhanced kyphosis

46
Q

define scoliosis

A

lateral (sideways) curverature off backbone causes a-symetric posture

47
Q

define “enhanced kyphosis”

A

excessive outward curvurture of the spine, typically in thorassic part, causing hunching of back

48
Q

define “enhanced lordosis”

A

increased inward curvurture of spine typically in lumbar or cervical part e,G ankylosing, spondylitis

49
Q

name the 6 components of the rib cage

A

head
neck
tubercle
angle
shaft
costel cartelege

50
Q

describe the head of the rib cage

A

articular facet, forms joint with vertebrae bodies

51
Q

describe the neck of the rib cage

A

between head and tubercle

52
Q

ddescribe the tubercle of ribcage

A

forms joint with transverse process of verterbae

53
Q

describe the angle of the vertebrae

A

lateral to tubercle, greatest curvurture but weakest partc

54
Q

describe shaft of the rib cage

A

main part of rib and costal groove for intercostal nerve and blood vessels

55
Q

describe costal cartilage of rib cage

A

forms joint with sternum

56
Q

what is the “sternum” also known as

A

breast bone

57
Q

discuss the properties of “maniburium”of the sternum

A

-jugular notch on top
-can bee felt at the root of neck
-clavicular notch for clavicle
-articular facets for 1st (2nd) rib
-joins body of the sternum at sternal angle with a “symphysis”

58
Q

describe the “body” of the sternum

A

2nd-7th rib articulates with the sternum body

59
Q

describe the xiphoid process of the sternum

A

sword shaped cartilage

60
Q

describe “true ribs”

A

1st-7th pair directly attached to sternum through costal cartelege

61
Q

describe “false ribs”

A

8th-10th pair they share a common carilingous connection to the sternum

62
Q

describe the “vertibral body” that connect ribs\vertebrae

A

two demifacets on each side
two vertebrae together forms a “socket” ford rib head

63
Q

describe the “transverce process” of the ribs/verterbae

A

one articulate facet for tubercle of the rib (costotransverse rib)

Anatomy 1 (3 decks)

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