Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 1 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

State the 4 main properties of the integumentary System

A

largest organ in the body
continuous with mucous membranes lining the body
includes skin and accessory structures (sweaty glands, hair + nails)
characteristics vary through body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

identify and explain the 4 functions of the skin

A

protection-chemical,physical,biological
detection of outside world -touch,vibrations, pressure, temperature and pain
thermoregulation-insulation or evaporation
excretion-through glands eg salt/water/phrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

name the 3 layers of the skin

A

epedrmis(surface layer),dermis(middle layer) and hypodermis (deepest layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe the histology of the skin

A

-epedrmis (E) and dermis (D) interlock as the epedrmis sits on basement membrane
-Epidermal ridge (ER) extends into dermis
-Dermis Ridge (DR) known as the dermal papille and projects into epedrmis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name the 4 specialised cells in the epedrmis

A

keratinocytes, langerhan cells, melanocytes, markel cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

explain the role of keratinocytes

A

produces fibrous keratin protein, provides strength to skin, hair and nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

explain the roll of langerhan cells

A

immune cells which originate in the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define the role of melanocytes

A

they synthesize melaning
allow pigmentation of the skin,hair and parts of eyes and UV protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define the roll of the markel cell

A

touch receptors
sensory nerve endings which end in tactile disk
varies throughout skin,present in skin without hairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

list the properties of “thin” skin

A

-covers most of the body
-4 layers of epedermis
-thinnest epedermis…eyelids (0.1mm)
-thickest epedrmis…back (30-40 X epedermis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

list the properties of “thick” skin

A

-5 layers of epedermis
-only found in sides if feet and hands epedermis (1.5mm)
-no hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe the steps of the “renewal of the epedermis”

A

1) basal stem cells divide in stratum basal
2) daughter cells enter stratum spinosum
3) keratin fibres accumulate
4)gradually become flagged and die
5) takes 7-10 days to migrate
6)skin condition PSORIASIS caused by increased keratinocyte proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe the dermis (middle layer) of the skin

A

dermis is a connective tissue layer containinf, Collagen+Elastic fibres which give strength and flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name the 2 layers of the dermis

A

dermal papille
reticular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is contained within the dermis

A

blood vessels
nerves
glands
adipocytes
smooth muscle
hair follicle
macrophages
fibroblasts
lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

name the common skin condition within the dermis

A

dermatisis-inflammation of the dermal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

discuss “tension lines” and the skin

A

Collagen AND Elastic fibres run in bundles orientated in direction where force is applied during movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when are tension lines more likely to heal

A

easier to repair and less scarring if an insicion is made parralell
(incision across clevage-longer healong)
(incision parralell-less healing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

describe the properties/functions of the hypodermis (deepest layer)

A

-loose connective tissue layer containing fat cells (adipocytes)
-connective tissue fibres interwoven with dermis
-protects underlying bone and muscle
-thins with age and varies throughout body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

list the skin appendages

A

hair shaft
sabaceous
sweat glands
hair follicle
nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe the exocrine gland

A

mainly release secrtions directly into hair shaft (holocrine secretions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where are exocrine glands NOT present

A

Palms or Soles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lipid secretions (sebum) functions are?

A

prevent water loss/gain
inhibits growth of bacteria
lubrication
protects hair shaft and surrounding skin

24
Q

name the 2 sweat glands in the body

A

appocrine sweat glands
eccrine sweat glands

25
Q

describe the appocrine sweat glands

A

ducts open into the follicle
associated with odeour
present in axilliae pubic region, area of breasts

26
Q

describe the eccrine glands

A

ducts open into epedermis
regulates body temp
not present in margin of lips, tympanic membrane and parts of external genetilia

27
Q

state the functions of the skin receptors

A

-skin is filled with sensory receptors each type respond to specific stimuli (light touch heat pain)
-pain receptors=cold receptors (sense anything it comes into contact with)
-nerve fibres in skin send signalsnto brain (concious)
-conrols blood flow & adjust gland secretionz

28
Q

what factors determine skin colour

A

pigments/blood circulation/thickness of stratum corneum

29
Q

name the 3 skin pigments and describe them

A

melanin-most important in skin hair and eye colour
carotene -from carrots/yellow veg, soluble accumulates in the sacrum corneum and adipocytes of dermis
hemoglobin-PINK colouration of skin, found in blood of dermis

30
Q

how is melanin made

A

produced by melanocytes

31
Q

where on the body is there most likely to be lots of melanin

A

moles and nipples

32
Q

where in the body is there less melanin

A

lips and Palms

33
Q

what 3 things determine melanin production

A

genetics
hormones
exposure to light

34
Q

what is albinism

A

genetic mutation resulting in deficiency in pigment

35
Q

state the 2 types of melanin and what they don

A

eumelanin-black or brown
pheomelanin-RED responsible for red hairs and freckles

36
Q

state the clinical problems with skin colour and describe then

A

cyanotic-rich in deoxygenated blood=bluish colour
juandice-high bilirubin in blood (from liver) yellow colouration
erythemia-redness of skin due to hypermia (inflammation or blushing)
pallor-pale/white skin due to poor blood supply
SKIN CINDITIONS MAY VARY IN PRESENTATION ON DIFF SKIN TYPES (palpation is a useful tool)

37
Q

what is the most common skin condition in humans

A

acne (bacterial infection)

38
Q

describe what acne does to the skin

A

sloughing off cells blocks hair follicle-producing pimple
affected by hormones,sebum and bacteria
attracts neutophillis-puss pockets

39
Q

what worsens acne

A

oil based products

40
Q

describe skin cancer

A

most common. skin condition due to UV from the sun

41
Q

list the 3 typss of skin cancer and describe them

A

BASAL CELL-commonest, typically on face local spread
SQUAMOUS CELL-often bleed cured by removal
MELANOMA-least common but mostaggrssive

42
Q

describe odemea

A

-excessive accumulation of lymph fluid, tissues swells and expands
-lymphatic system returns intersticial to blood and recirculate
-accumulation determined by the balance secretin and removal.

43
Q

discuss an “intradermal injection”

A

-injected into skin (dermis)
-used for allergy and TB skin testing
-shllow angle (10-15 °)
-inner surface of forearm/back/upper chest
-very small volumes (0.01-0.05ml)

44
Q

what are the ztep by step instructions of an intradermal injection

A

1.stretch skin
2.insert needle 2-3mm with level up at shallow angle (15°)
3.needle should be visible under skin.

45
Q

describe a subcutaneous administration

A

-into subcutaneous muscle tissue (below dermis)
-ccommon mode of aadministarting insulin and herpon
-steeper angle (45-90°)
-outer surface of upper arm, top of thighs, abdoman or back
-small volumes (upto 1ml)
-onset (within 30minz)

46
Q

list the instructions of performing a subcutaneous administration

A

1.pinch up a fold of the skin
2.hold needle like a dart and Peirce skin at 45-90° angle

47
Q

describe an intramuscular administration

A

-into a muscle/muscle group (antibiotics, adrenaline,analgesics)
-deltoid OR gluteal region (ventrol or posterior approach)
-larger volumes (upto 4ml)
-onset (variable)

48
Q

list the instructions of intramuscular administration

A

1.hold needle like dart and insertquickly
2.aspirate to check for blood (blood vessel)
3.administer slowly and steadily

49
Q

describe an (IM) deltoid

A

this is given in the arm, usually given quite high on the shoulder

50
Q

state the ‘main danger’ when performing an IM deltoid

A

the radical nerve which runs near lower deltoid

51
Q

describe an IM: lateral vastus

A

given in the thigh (laterally in middle 1/3 of thigh) parts of quadriceps muscle

52
Q

state the least dangerous site of IM lateral vastus

A

nerve and blood supply well away from injection site

53
Q

describe an IM: ventral gluteal

A

1.palm of hand above or greater trochanter of femur
2.index finger on ant superior lilac tubercle
3.injection site in the triangle (formed by index snd middle finger) gluteal medius

54
Q

state the “danger zone” in IM ventral gluteal

A

sciatic nerve

55
Q

describe an intravenous administration

A

-into a superficial vein (fluid, blood sampkes, ion substitutes)
-typically cubital fossa
-into MEDIAN cubital view
-largee volumes (but very slowly)
-onset:immediate

56
Q

name the “danger zones” when performing intravenous administration

A

brachial artery
median nerve

Anatomy 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions