Skeletal System Flashcards
Parts of Skeletal System
Bones, Joint, Ligaments, Tissues
Two Divisions of Skeleton
Axial, Appendicular
Functions of Bones
- Support of the body
- Protection of soft organs
- Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
- Storage of minerals and fats
- Blood cell formation
Homogenous bone tissue
Compact
Small needle-like pieces of bone
Many open spaces bone tissue
Spongy
Describe long bones
- Longer than wide
- Shaft with heads at both ends
- Mostly compact
Example of long bones
Femur, humerus
Describe short bones
- Cube shape
- Mostly spongy
Examples of short bones
Carpals, tarsals
Describe flat bones
- Thin and flattened
- Usually curved
- Outside: compact, Inside: spongy
Examples of flat bones
Skull, ribs, sternum
Describe irregular bones
- Irregular shape
- Doesn’t fit in other classifications
Examples of irregular bones
Vertebrae, hip
Shaft of long bone (compact)
Diaphysis
Ends of long bone (spongy)
Epiphysis
Outside covering of diaphysis
Fibrous CT Membrane
Periosteum
Glue periosteum to bone
Sharpey’s fibers
Supplies bone cells with nutrients
Arteries
Functions of Articular Cartilage
- Covers external surface of epiphyses
- Decreases friction at joint surface
What type of cartilage is articular?
Hyaline
Cavity of shaft of long bone
Medullary cavity
What’s inside medullary cavity?
Bone Marrow
Explain what happens to bone marrow when a person grows
Infants have red marrow. At 6-7 years old, it is lost and gradually replaced with yellow marrow as we grow
Function of Red Marrow
Blood Cell Information
Function of Yellow Marrow
Fat Embolism
Surface features of bones
Site of attachment for muscles, tendons, ligaments
Passages for nerves and blood vessels
Bone Markings
Grow out from the bone surface
Projections and processes
Indentations in bone surface
Depressions or cavities
A unit of bone
Osteon (Haversian System)
