Skeletal System Flashcards
What tissues make up the skeletal system?
bone & cartilage
What is the function of the skeletal system?
- provides support for the body and protection of vital organs
- provides the mechanical basis for movement
- produces new blood cells
- storage for salts
Describe cartilage
- avascular connective tissue
- founds at ends of bones where joints form
- creates flexibility where needed (i.e. costal cartilage)
What articular cartilage?
cartilage at the end of bones where joints form
What is costal cartilage?
cartilage created flexibility (such as in the ribs or vertebrae)
What are the two parts of the skeletal system?
- axial
- appendicular
What does the Axial skeleton consist of?
- head (cranium)
- hyoid
- neck (cervical vertebrae)
- vertebrae including sacrum
- ribs & sternum
What does the Appendicular skeleton consist of?
- upper extremities (including shoulder girdle)
- lower extremities (including pelvic girdle)
What are the two types of bones?
- compact
- spongy
Describe a compact bone
- thin outer layer of the bone
- weight bearing
- greatest at shaft of bones
Describe a spongy bone
- center of bone
- replaced by medullary cavity
What is the periosteum?
- connective tissue that surrounds the bone
- outer layer of the bone
What is the epiphysial plate?
- growth plate
- bone grows from here in an up and down direction
What happens if the epiphysial plate is affected by a bone break?
bone growth could be affected
Where is the epiphysial artery & metaphysical artery located?
ends of bones
What supplies blood to the compact bones?
- periosteal vein
- periosteal nerve
- periosteal artery
What areas of the bone do the nutrient artery and vein provide?
- bone marrow
- compact bone
- spongy bone
What are the bone classifications?
- long bones
- short bones
- flat bones
- irregular bones
- sesamoid bones
Define a joint
where two or more bones/cartilage join to form an articulation
What are the joint classifications?
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
Describe fibrous cartilage
- does not produce movement
- ex: cartilage in skull
Describe cartilaginous joints
- produces slight movement
- ex: vertebral discs
What are the characteristics of a synovial joints?
- joint cavity
- synovial lining that secretes synovial fluid
- smooth articular surfaces
- articular cartilage
- joint capsule and ligaments
What are the most common joints OTs treat?
synovial joints
