Skeletal System

Question 1

What tissues make up the skeletal system?

Answer 1

bone & cartilage

Question 2

What is the function of the skeletal system?

Answer 2

• provides support for the body and protection of vital organs
• provides the mechanical basis for movement
• produces new blood cells
• storage for salts

Question 3

Describe cartilage

Answer 3

• avascular connective tissue
• founds at ends of bones where joints form
• creates flexibility where needed (i.e. costal cartilage)

Question 4

What articular cartilage?

Answer 4

cartilage at the end of bones where joints form

Question 5

What is costal cartilage?

Answer 5

cartilage created flexibility (such as in the ribs or vertebrae)

Question 6

What are the two parts of the skeletal system?

Answer 6

• axial
• appendicular

Question 7

What does the Axial skeleton consist of?

Answer 7

1. head (cranium)
2. hyoid
3. neck (cervical vertebrae)
4. vertebrae including sacrum
5. ribs & sternum

Question 8

What does the Appendicular skeleton consist of?

Answer 8

1. upper extremities (including shoulder girdle)
2. lower extremities (including pelvic girdle)

Question 9

What are the two types of bones?

Answer 9

• compact
• spongy

Question 10

Describe a compact bone

Answer 10

• thin outer layer of the bone
• weight bearing
• greatest at shaft of bones

Question 11

Describe a spongy bone

Answer 11

• center of bone
• replaced by medullary cavity

Question 12

What is the periosteum?

Answer 12

• connective tissue that surrounds the bone
• outer layer of the bone

Question 13

What is the epiphysial plate?

Answer 13

• growth plate
• bone grows from here in an up and down direction

Question 14

What happens if the epiphysial plate is affected by a bone break?

Answer 14

bone growth could be affected

Question 15

Where is the epiphysial artery & metaphysical artery located?

Answer 15

ends of bones

Question 16

What supplies blood to the compact bones?

Answer 16

• periosteal vein
• periosteal nerve
• periosteal artery

Question 17

What areas of the bone do the nutrient artery and vein provide?

Answer 17

• bone marrow
• compact bone
• spongy bone

Question 18

What are the bone classifications?

Answer 18

• long bones
• short bones
• flat bones
• irregular bones
• sesamoid bones

Question 19

Define a joint

Answer 19

where two or more bones/cartilage join to form an articulation

Question 20

What are the joint classifications?

Answer 20

• fibrous
• cartilaginous
• synovial

Question 21

Describe fibrous cartilage

Answer 21

• does not produce movement
• ex: cartilage in skull

Question 22

Describe cartilaginous joints

Answer 22

• produces slight movement
• ex: vertebral discs

Question 23

What are the characteristics of a synovial joints?

Answer 23

• joint cavity
• synovial lining that secretes synovial fluid
• smooth articular surfaces
• articular cartilage
• joint capsule and ligaments

Question 24

What are the most common joints OTs treat?

Answer 24

synovial joints

Question 25

What are the different types of synovial joints?

Answer 25

• plane joint
• pivot joint
• hinge joint
• condyloid joint
• saddle joint
• ball and socket

Question 26

Describe a plane joint

Answer 26

• uniaxial
• permit gliding or sliding movements
• ex: acromoiclavicular joint

Question 27

Describe a pivot joint

Answer 27

• rounded process a bone fits into a bony, ligamentous socket
• permits rotation
• ex: atlnto-axial joint (neck rotation left to right)

Question 28

Describe a hinge joint

Answer 28

• uniaxial
• permit flexion and extension only
• ex: elbow joint

Question 29

Describe a condyloid joint

Answer 29

• biaxial
• allows flexion & extension
• allows abduction & adduction
• allows circumduction
• ex: metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 30

Describe a saddle joint

Answer 30

• biaxial
• head of joint provides movment in two different planes
• ex: carpometacarpal joint

Question 31

Describe a ball and socket joint

Answer 31

• multiaxial
• rounded head of joint fits into a concavity
• permits movements in three planes
• ex: hip joint

Question 32

What is Heterotropic Ossificans?

Answer 32

• bone forms in soft tissue
• most common below elbow
• potentially caused by muscle strain that results in ossification

Question 33

What scenario would heterotopic ossificans occur?

Answer 33

occurs when working with patients & if the therapy is too aggressive

Question 34

What are bone fractures?

Answer 34

broken bones

Question 35

How are bone fractures treated?

Answer 35

• closed reduction (casts)
• open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) (surgery)
• bones must be realigned to facilitate healing

Question 36

What is the order that bones heal?

Answer 36

1. fibroblasts
2. callus
3. remodeling
4. calcification
5. new bone forms

Question 37

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 37

• severe bone loss that can lead to fractures
• results in holes in bones

Question 38

What is osteopenia?

Answer 38

• loss of bone density/thinning of bones
• can progress to osteoporosis

Question 39

What is an example of an upper extremity uniaxial joint?

Answer 39

Ulnohumeral (elbow joint)

Question 40

What is an example of an upper extremity biaxial joint?

Answer 40

radiocarpal joint (wrist joint)

Question 41

What is an example of an upper extremity trilaxial joint?

Answer 41

glenohumoral joint (shoulder joint)