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Human Anatomy - Exam 1 > Basic Concepts in Human Anatomy and Anatomical Terminology > Flashcards

Basic Concepts in Human Anatomy and Anatomical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three approaches to anatomy?

A
  1. regional
  2. systemic
  3. clinical
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2
Q

Define Regional Approach

A

studying anatomy based on body region
(i.e. head, neck, trunk, lower limbs, upper limbs)

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3
Q

Define the Systemic Approach

A

study of anatomy based on organ system and how they work together

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4
Q

Define the Clinical approach to anatomy

A

combines regional and systemic approaches to studying anatomy to address clinical application

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5
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A
  1. Standing erect, face is anterior
  2. Feet are parallel & toes are anterior
  3. Arms are at the side with palms facing forward/anterior
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6
Q

What are the anatomical planes?

A
  1. Median
  2. Sagittal
  3. Frontal (coronal)
  4. Transverse (horizontal)
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7
Q

Define the median plane

A
  1. vertical plane
  2. divides body into right/left halves
  3. includes the whole body
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8
Q

Define the sagittal plane

A
  • vertical plane
  • parallel to the median plane
  • describes movements front to back
  • plane extends as far as arms move front to back
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9
Q

Define the front (coronal plane)

A
  • vertical plane that divides the body into anterior/posterior
  • describes movements side to side
  • ex: hip abduction
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10
Q

Define the transverse (horizontal) plane

A
  • divides the body into upper and lower halves
  • describes movements that move into a horizontal orientation
  • ex: neck rotation to left and right
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11
Q

What direction does the superior/cranial position describe?

A

towards the head

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12
Q

What direction does the inferior/caudal position describe?

A

towards the feet

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13
Q

What direction does the lateral position describe?

A

away from midline/median plane

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14
Q

What direction does the medial position describe?

A

towards midline/median plane

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15
Q

What direction does the anterior position describe?

A

towards front of the body

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16
Q

What direction does the posterior position describe?

A

towards back of the body

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17
Q

What direction does the proximal position describe?

A

near trunk/point of original

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18
Q

What direction does the distal position describe?

A

away from trunk/point of origin

19
Q

What direction does the palmer position describe?

A

palm of hand

20
Q

What direction does the plantar position describe?

A

sole of the foot

21
Q

What direction does the dorsal position describe?

A

towards back or posterior forearm/hand

22
Q

What direction does the volar position describe?

A

towards palmar or anterior forearm/hand

23
Q

What direction does the superficial position describe?

A

towards the surface

24
Q

What direction does the intermediate position describe?

A

between superficial and deep

25
Q

What direction does the deep position describe?

A

further from the surface

26
Q

What are terms of laterality?

A
  1. bilateral
  2. unilateral
  3. ipsilateral
  4. contralateral
27
Q

What does bilateral describe?

A

both sides

28
Q

What does unilateral describe?

A

one side

29
Q

What does ipsilateral describe?

A

same side

30
Q

What does contralateral describe?

A

opposite side of

31
Q

What are the terms of movement for the neck?

A
  • flexion/extension
  • lateral flexion (right & left)
  • rotation (right & left)
32
Q

What are the terms of movement for the trunk?

A
  • flexion/extension
  • lateral flexion (right & left)
  • rotation (right & left)
33
Q

What are the terms of movement for the trunk?

A
  • flexion/extension
  • lateral flexion (right & left)
  • rotation (right & left)
34
Q

What are the terms of movement for the scapula?

A
  • protraction/retraction
  • elevation/depression
  • upward rotation/downward rotation
35
Q

What are the terms of movement for the shoulder?

A
  • flexion/extension
  • abduction/adduction
  • internal rotation / external rotation
  • horizontal adduction/horizontal abduction
36
Q

What are the terms of movement for the elbow?

A
  • flexion/extension
37
Q

What are the terms of movement for the forearm?

A
  • supination/pronation
38
Q

What are the terms of movement for the wrist?

A
  • flexion/extension
  • ulnar deviation/radial deviation
39
Q

What are the terms of movement for the hand?

A
  • thumb CMC Palmar abduction/adduction
  • thumb CMC Palmar flexion/extension
  • thumb CMC Palmar opposition
  • Finger MCP flexion/extension
  • Finger MCP abduction/adduction
  • PIP & DIP flexion/extension
40
Q

What are the terms of movement for the hip?

A
  • flexion/extension
  • abduction/adduction
  • internal rotation/external rotation
41
Q

What are the terms of movement for the knee?

A
  • flexion/extension
42
Q

What are the terms of movement for the ankle?

A
  • plantarflexion/dorsiflexion
  • inversion/eversion
43
Q

What are the terms of movement for the jaw

A
  • protrusion/retrusion

Human Anatomy - Exam 1 (10 decks)

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