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pdh ! > skeletal system > Flashcards

skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

study of body’s structures and how they interrelate

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2
Q

physiology

A

the function of the body’s structures and how they work

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3
Q

superior

A

above

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4
Q

proximal

A

closer to midline

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5
Q

lateral

A

to the side of

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6
Q

medial

A

toward the middle

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7
Q

distal

A

further from the midline

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8
Q

inferior

A

towards the bottom

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9
Q

anterior

A

front

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10
Q

posterior

A

back

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11
Q

joint/articulation

A

movement

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12
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane that divides body into left and right parts

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13
Q

frontal plane

A

vertical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior parts

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14
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane that divides body into superior and inferior aka cross-section

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15
Q

function of the skeletal system: support

A

framework for attachment of soft connective tissue (muscle, tendons, ligaments)

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16
Q

function of the skeletal system: protection

A

internal organs; the brain, lungs

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17
Q

function of the skeletal system: movement

A

contraction of muscles pull on bones for movement

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18
Q

function of the skeletal system: mineral storage

A

calcium, phosphorus

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19
Q

function of the skeletal system: blood cell production

A

occurs in red bone marrow, vital for oxygen transportation

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20
Q

function of the skeletal system: storage of energy

A

yellow bone marrow is stored source of lipids

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21
Q

long bone

A
  • longer than wide
  • used for movement
  • aka levers
  • muscles pull on them for movement
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22
Q

examples of long bones

A
  • femur
  • humerus
  • metatarsals
  • phalanges
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22
Q

examples of flat bones

A
  • scapula
  • sternum
  • pelvis
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22
Q

flat bones

A
  • thin
  • function to provide point of attachment for muscles
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22
appendicular skeleton
- makes up limbs - role: facilitate movement and help limbs hold their shape
22
examples of short bones
- carpals - tarsals
22
short bones
- cube-like in appearance - uses stability and stabilises movement
22
axial skeleton
- provides support and cushioning for brain, spinal cord, and organs
23
irregular bones
- irregular in shape - many protrusions - function as a site for muscle attachment
23
examples of sesamoid bones
patella
23
sesamoid bones
- small - usually embedded within tendons - function to protect tendons from friction as they rub against bony surfaces
23
examples of irregular bones
- vertebrae - coccyx
23
difference between axial and appendicular skeleton
their functions
23
types of synovial/freely moveable joints
- elbow - knee - ankle
23
similarities between axial and appendicular skeleton
both provide framework for soft tissue attachment
23
types of fibrous/immovable joints
cranial sutures between bones of skull
24
types of cartilaginous/slightly moveable joints
intervertebral discs
25
fibrous joints
- occur where bones ends are joined by strong, short bands of fibrous tissue - does not allow for movement to occur
26
cartilaginous joints
bone ends separated by a disc/plate made up of very tough fibrous cartilage
27
synovial joints
- most relevant to movement in physical activity - range of movement characterised by following features: 1. synovial membrane 2. ligaments 3. hyaline cartilage 4. joint capsule
28
synovial fluid
provides nourishment for cartilage and lubricates joints
29
hyaline cartilage
covers ends of two meeting bones so they slide smoothly over each other
30
synovial membrane
tissue that lines non-contact parts of joint capsules and secretes synovial fluid
31
ligaments
- strong, fibrous cords - attaches one bone to another - provides joint stability during movement
32
tendons
tough bonds of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone
33
gliding joint
- two opposed flat surfaces - slight gliding motion can occur between bones
34
examples of gliding joints
wrist/ankle joint
35
hinge joint
convex cylinder applied to corresponding concavity in other bones
36
examples of hinge joints
- knee - elbow
37
pivot joint
cylindrical body process that rotates within ring composed of partly bone and partly ligament
38
examples of pivot joints
axis and atlas in neck
39
ellipsoidal
modified ball and socket joint
40
examples of ellipsoidal joints
wrist joint
41
saddle joint
two saddle shaped articulating surfaces
42
examples of saddle joints
thumb joint
43
ball and socket joint
ball (head) at end of one bone, and socket on adjacent bone
44
examples of ball and socket joints
shoulder joint
45
flexion
decrease in angle between bones at a joint
46
extension
increase in angle between bones at a joint
47
abduction
movement away from midline of body in lateral plane (being abducted)
48
adduction
movement towards midline of body in lateral plane (adding to body)
49
rotation
movement of bone turning on central axis
50
circumduction
form a rotation where a limb rotates while proximal (make a circle with your arms)
51
pronation
rotation of radius over the ulna - palms facing downwards
52
supination
radius and ulna parallel - palms facing up
53
plantar flexion
foot pointing towards the ground
54
dorsiflexion
foot flexing towards the shin
55
hyperextension
movement that takes its joint beyond normal range of movement

pdh ! (10 decks)

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