respiratory system

Question 1

what is the respiratory system?

Answer 1

• works in conjunction with cardiovascular system
• transports O2+CO2 around body
• cells continually using oxygen to release energy to produce ATP
• body can’t survive without oxygen

Question 2

nose/nasal cavity

Answer 2

• internal and external portion
• three functions:
  1. incoming air moistened, filtered, warmed
  2. smell stimulus is released
  3. chamber modify sounds

Question 3

pharynx

Answer 3

• throat
• passageway for air and food

Question 4

larynx

Answer 4

• voice box
• short passageway that connects pharynx to larynx
• epiglottis directs food + air into corresponding tubes
• closes larynx so food and liquid goes down oesophagus

Question 5

trachea

Answer 5

air passageway

Question 6

bronchi

Answer 6

• trachea divides into right and left bronchi
• eventually branches into bronchioles

Question 7

lungs

Answer 7

• paired organ with thoracic cavity
• each lung is divided into lobes
• divides into alveoli

Question 8

alveoli

Answer 8

• chamber where gas exchange occurs
• grape-like structure accounts for most volume in lungs
• provides large surface area for gas exchange

Question 9

what is inspiration?

Answer 9

• drawing air from external environment
• diaphragm and intercostal muscles contracts
• ribs move up, sternum moves forward
• lungs pulled outwards + increase in size
• pressure difference results in air coming into lungs

Question 10

what is expiration?

Answer 10

• act of releasing air from lungs into external environment
• when diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, rbs move downwards
• lungs decrease in size
• pressure gradient causes air to leave lungs

Question 11

gaseous exchange: external respiration (lungs)

Answer 11

• exchange of O2 + CO2 between alveoli in lungs and pulmonary blood capillaries
• results in deoxygenated blood
• lungs have plentiful supply of O2
• blood has plentiful supply of CO2
• exchange of gases occurs as carbon dioxide moves into lungs
• oxygen moves into blood within pulmonary capillaries

Question 12

gaseous exchange: internal respiration (tissue)

Answer 12

• exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood capillaries and tissue cells
• oxygenates deoxygenated blood
• blood capillaries have plentiful supply of O2
• tissue has plentiful supply of CO2
• exchange of gases occurs as CO2 moves into blood capillaries
• O2 moves into tissue cells
• deoxygenated blood returns to heart, cycle repeats