Skeletal system

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

skull
sternum
ribs
vertebral column

Question 2

main function

Answer 2

provide protection

Question 3

skull

Answer 3

sits on top of the vertebral column and is divided into the cranium and the face, protect very important organs

Question 4

sinuses

Answer 4

small cavities

Question 5

sutures

Answer 5

immobile joints

Question 6

groups skull

Answer 6

cranium & face

Question 7

bones of the facial skeleton

Answer 7

14 bones: the orbits of the eyes, the nasal & oral cavities, the sinuses

Question 8

vertebral column

Answer 8

help maintain balance, absorb shock, support head, enclose & protect spinal cord

Question 9

4 curves

Answer 9

cervical & lumbar are anteriorly convex
thoracic & sacral/coccygeal are anteriorly concave

Question 10

vertebra structure

Answer 10

cervical vertebra smallest
thoracic less mobile because the ribs
lumbar biggest & strongest
sacral transmit weight to pelvis & legs

Question 11

sternum

Answer 11

flat bone starts bottom of the throat and ends halfway down the chsest

Question 12

ribs

Answer 12

curved bones, articulate with sternum

Question 13

total ribs

Answer 13

1-7 true ribs
8-10 false ribs
11-12 floating ribs

Question 14

thoracic cage

Answer 14

sternum + ribs + thoracic vertebrae

Question 15

intercostal muscles

Answer 15

located in-between the ribs

Question 16

appendicular skeleton

Answer 16

shoulder girdle
upper limbs
pelvic girdle
lower limbs

Question 17

main function

Answer 17

mostly involved in movement

Question 18

shoulder girdles

Answer 18

clavicles & scapula

Question 19

clavicles

Answer 19

articulate with sternum anteriorly

Question 20

scapula

Answer 20

flat triangular bone
posterior to the ribcage
articulate with clavicle & humerus

Question 21

upper limbs

Answer 21

humerus
radius & ulna
wrist
hand

Question 22

humerus

Answer 22

articulates with forearm bones

Question 23

radius & ulna

Answer 23

articulate with elbow joint
at wrist articulate with carpal bones

Question 24

ulna

Answer 24

larger of the two forearm

Question 25

carpal bones

Answer 25

short bones arranged closely together in two rows of four

Question 26

carpal bones

Answer 26

articulate with metacarpals & proximal phalanges

Question 27

hand bones

Answer 27

8 bones wrist 5 bones palm (metacarpals) 14 bones fingers (phalanges)

Question 28

pelvic girdles

Answer 28

connects bones of the lower limbs to axial skeleton right & left hip bones

Question 29

hip

Answer 29

large, flattened & irregular shaped

Question 30

3 bones

Answer 30

ilium, ischium & pubis

Question 31

lower limbs

Answer 31

thigh, leg & foot

Question 32

femur

Answer 32

bone of the thigh, longest & heaviest

Question 33

articulates

Answer 33

pelvis in a hollow area called the acetabulum from the hip joint the larger tibia smaller fibula

Question 34

patella (kneecap)

Answer 34

small, triangular bone located front of the knee supports cuádriceps tendon

Question 35

foot bones

Answer 35

tarsal bones (ankle) phalanges bones (toes) metatarsal bones (foot)

Question 36

foot has:

Answer 36

5 metatarsals 5 proximal phalanges 5 distal phalanges 4 middle phalanges

Question 37

skeleton functions

Answer 37

protection of vital organs support & maintains posture provides attachment points for muscles storage & release minerals blood cell production storage of energy

Question 38

types of joints

Answer 38

fibrous (immovable) cartilage (semi moveable) synovial (freely moveable)

Question 39

bone types

Answer 39

long bones short bones flat bones irregular bones sesamoid bones

Question 40

long bones

Answer 40

long cylindrical shaft & enlarged area at each end of bone length alway greater than width most important for movement

Question 41

examples of long bones

Answer 41

femur, metatarsals & clavicle

Question 42

short bones

Answer 42

small & cube shaped articulate with more than one bone

Question 43

examples of short bones

Answer 43

carpals of hand & tarsals of feet

Question 44

flat bones

Answer 44

curved surface either thick or thin provide protection & muscle attachment

Question 45

examples of flat bones

Answer 45

sternum, scapula, ribs & pelvis

Question 46

irregular bones

Answer 46

specialized shapes & functions

Question 47

examples of irregular bones

Answer 47

vertebrae, sacrum & coccyx

Question 48

sesamoid bones

Answer 48

short bone which embedded ni tendons where large amounts of pressure develop

Question 49

examples of sesamoid bones

Answer 49

pisiform (2) - carpal bones patella (2) - kneecap

Question 50

connective tissue

Answer 50

cartilage (end of bones) ligaments (connects bone - bone) tendons (connects bone - muscle)

Question 51

joints

Answer 51

a joint occurs where two or more bones articulate

Question 52

main function of joints

Answer 52

increase mobility of the body & limbs

Question 53

joint movement & stability

Answer 53

the more movement a joint has, less stability it has & greater risk of injury

Question 54

factors that affect

Answer 54

shape of joint area of contact flexibility of ligaments influence of other soft tissue

Question 55

types of soft tissue

Answer 55

tendons, muscle, joint capsules etc

Question 56

fixed / immovable

Answer 56

very stable allow no observable movement bones are often joined by strong fibers called sutures

Question 57

cartilaginous / semi-moveable

Answer 57

- allows slight movement: slight compression of cartilage - the end bones are covered with white pads of fibrocartilage - act as shock absorbers

Question 58

synovial / freely moveable

Answer 58

- most common - allow wide range of movement - subdivided according to movement possibilities

Question 59

features of a synovial joint

Answer 59

articular cartilage synovial membrane synovial fluid bursae meniscus ligaments articular capsule

Question 60

examples of synovial joints

Answer 60

tarsal bones, carpal bones, elbow joint, radioulnar joint, shoulder joint...