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Muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

properties of muscle tissue

A

contractibility
extensibility
elasticity
atrophy
hypertrophy
controlled by nerve stimuli
fed by capillaries

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2
Q

types of muscles

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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3
Q

skeletal muscles

A

voluntary and striated
have tendons that attach mostly to bone

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4
Q

fascia

A

type of connective tissue
surrounds bones & muscles
made up of fibrous tissue, adipose (fatty) tissue & fluid
superficial (under skin) deep (surrounding muscles & bones)

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5
Q

skeletal muscles

A

divided into compartments that contain groups of muscles which have the same function

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6
Q

cardiac muscles

A

striated & involuntary
controlled my nervous system

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7
Q

smooth muscle

A

not striated & involuntary
lines the walls of blood vessels & hollow organs like the stomach and intestines

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8
Q

main functions of muscles

A

movement
move substances
stabilize & maintain body positions
body heat

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9
Q

muscle fiber

A

made up of a group of myofibrils

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10
Q

myofibril

A

cylindrical structures that fill muscle cells

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11
Q

myofilaments

A

is responsible for the contraction of the myofibrils & muscles as a whole
- myosin: thick filaments
Actin: thin filaments

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12
Q

sacromere

A

unit of thick & thin filaments

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13
Q

layers of fascia (skeletal muscle)

A

epimysium
perimysium
endomysium

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14
Q

muscles facts

A
  • muscles have good nerve & blood supply
  • motor neurons: nerves that bring the impulses from nervous system to muscles
  • neurotransmitters stimulate the muscle to contract & produce force
  • rich network of capillaries which provide muscle with oxygen, nutrients and calcium & remove waste products
  • muscles are good at repairing damage
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15
Q

origin

A

attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone
proximal attachment

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16
Q

insertion

A

attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone
distal attachment

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17
Q

radius & ulna (origin or insertion?)

A

INSERTION

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18
Q

scapula (origin or insertion?)

A

ORIGIN

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19
Q

agonist

A

muscle doing the work & creating the movement

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20
Q

antagonist

A

muscles relaxing & letting the movement take place

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21
Q

muscles of the trunk

A

large & powerful
important role in stability
anterior muscles: rectus abdominus & external obliques
posterior muscle: erector spine

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22
Q

rectus abdominus

A

most superficial muscle in the anterior trunk
from pubis to ribs & sternum
when contract they pull the trunk forward

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23
Q

external obliques

A

side & front of trunk under rectus abdominus
involved in sideways bending movements & rotation

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24
Q

erector spine

A

series of overlapping muscles that run alongside most of the spine
when contract they pull trunk into extension

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25
rectus abdominus (origin & insertion)
pubis ORIGIN 5-7 ribs & sternum INSERTION
26
external obliques (origin & insertion)
lower 8 ribs ORIGIN ilium INSERTION
27
erector spine (origin & insertion)
ribs, cervical, thoracic & lumbar vertebrae, ilium ORIGIN ribs, ervical, thoracic & lumbar vertebrae INSERTION
28
muscles of upper extremities
provide stabilization for the pectoral girdle allows other muscles around shoulder generate higher level of force - anterior (front body): deltoid, pectorals major, biceps brachii - posterior (back body): trapezius, latissimus dorsi, triceps brachii
29
deltoid muscle
covers anterior, superior & posterior parts of shoulder has a rounded appearance involved in most shoulder movement
30
pectoralis major
tendon of the pectorals major forms the front of the armpit & it inserts to the inside of the humerus movements where arm is raised up or brought forward
31
biceps brachii
responsible for both movements of shoulder
32
trapezius
triangular muscle located on the posterior neck & upper back function: raise the shoulder produces powerful shoulder joint movements
33
latissimus dorsi
large muscle located on the back ORIGIN: sacrum, ilium, lumbar & thoracic vertebrae INSERTION: humerus function: brings arm backwards & rotates arm inwards rowing, swimming & boxing
34
triceps brachii
posterior of the upper arm ORIGIN: scapula & humerus INSERTION: radial tuberosity function: invoved in both shoulder & elbow movements where arm extends backwards at the shoulder and straightens the elbow
35
deltoid (origin & insertion)
ORIGIN: scapula, clavicle INSERTION: lateral humerus
36
pectorals major
ORIGIN: sternum, clavicle, anterior ribs INSERTION: humerus
37
biceps brachii
ORIGIN: scapula INSERTION: radius, ulna
38
trapezius
ORIGIN: cervical and thoracic vertebrae, base of skull INSERTION: clavicle, scapula
39
latissimus dorsi
ORIGIN: sacrum, ilium, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae INSERTION: humerus
40
triceps branchii
ORIGIN: scapula, humerus INSERTION: ulna
41
muscles of lower extremity
IMPORTANT as they have to bear the weight of the entire body and push off the ground to move the body forwards & upwards - anterior: ilipsoas, sartorius, quadriceps & tibialis - posterior: gluteus maximus, hamstrings, gastrocnemius & soleus
42
iliopsoas
around hips and lower back ORIGIN: lumbar vertebrae & ilium INSERTION: femur function: flexion of hip
43
sartorius
longest muscle in body, crossing both hip & know joints runs from ilium to the medial tibia function: bring the thigh upwards at the hip while the satoris bends the knee
44
45
latissimus dorsi
l
46
latissimus dorsi
large muscle located in the back function: bring arm backwards rowing, swimming & boxing
47
triceps brachii
posterior of the upper arm function: shoulder & elbow movements (shoulder backwards & straightens elbow)
48
deltoid (origin & insertion)
ORIGIN: scapula & clavicle INSERTION: lateral humerus
49
pectoralis major (origin & insertion)
ORIGIN: sternum, clavicle, anterior ribs INSERTION: humerus
50
biceps branchii (origin & insertion)
ORIGIN: scapula INSERTION: radius & ulna
51
trapezius (origin & insertion)
ORIGIN: cervical and thoracic vertebrae & base of the skull INSERTION: clavicle & scapula
52
latissimus dorsi (origin & insertion)
ORIGIN: sacrum, ilium, thoracic & lumbar vertebrae INSERTION: humerus
53
triceps brachii (origin & insertion)
ORIGIN: scapula & humerus INSERTION: ulna
54
muscles of lower extremities
larger muscles anterior: iliopsoas, satorius, quadriceps & tibialis posterior: gluteus maximus, hamstrings, gastrocnemius & soleus
55
iliopsoas
located around the hips and lower back function: flexion of hip
56
sartorius
longest in the body, crossing the hip & knee joints function: bring thigh upwards at the hip & bends the knee
57
quadriceps
4 main muscles - rectus femoris - vestus intermedialis - vastus medialis - vastus lateralis function: helps straighten knee
58
tibialis anterior
located front of the lower leg
59
gluteus maximus
covers the posterior hip & buttock function: moves thigh backwards & hip into its extension phase
60
hamstring muscle
3 muscles - biceps femoris - semitendinosus - semimembranosus muscles located in the posterior thigh
61
calf muscle
2 main muscles - gastrocnemius - soleus muscles
62
gastrocnemius
most predominant & superficial muscle
63
soleus
underneath the gastrocnemius
64
tendons of calf muscle
tendons of both muscle joint together to the Achilles tendon & this then attaches to the calcaneus (heel)
65
iliposoas
ORIGIN: lumbar vertebrae, ilium INSTERION: inner femur
66
sartorius
ORIGIN: ilium INSTERION: medial tibia
67
rectus femoris
ORIGIN: ilium INSTERION: patella & tibia
68
vastus intermedialis
ORIGIN: femur INSTERION: patella & tibia
69
vastus madialis
ORIGIN: femur INSTERION: patella & tibia
70
vastus lateralis
ORIGIN: femur INSTERION: patella & tibia
71
tibialis anterior
ORIGIN: lateral tibia INSTERION: first metatarsal & first cuneiform
72
hamstring muscle
ORIGIN: ischium INSTERION: onto different parts of the knee
73
gluteus maximus
ORIGIN: posterior ilium, sacrum & coccyx INSTERION: lateral femur
74
gastrocnemius
ORIGIN: posterior femur INSTERION: calcaneus via Achilles tendon
75
soleus
ORIGIN: posterior tibia & fibula INSTERION: calcaneus via Achilles tendon

Anatomy (9 decks)

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