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Anatomy > Muscular system > Flashcards

Muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

properties of muscle tissue

A

contractibility
extensibility
elasticity
atrophy
hypertrophy
controlled by nerve stimuli
fed by capillaries

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2
Q

types of muscles

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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3
Q

skeletal muscles

A

voluntary and striated
have tendons that attach mostly to bone

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4
Q

fascia

A

type of connective tissue
surrounds bones & muscles
made up of fibrous tissue, adipose (fatty) tissue & fluid
superficial (under skin) deep (surrounding muscles & bones)

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5
Q

skeletal muscles

A

divided into compartments that contain groups of muscles which have the same function

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6
Q

cardiac muscles

A

striated & involuntary
controlled my nervous system

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7
Q

smooth muscle

A

not striated & involuntary
lines the walls of blood vessels & hollow organs like the stomach and intestines

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8
Q

main functions of muscles

A

movement
move substances
stabilize & maintain body positions
body heat

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9
Q

muscle fiber

A

made up of a group of myofibrils

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10
Q

myofibril

A

cylindrical structures that fill muscle cells

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11
Q

myofilaments

A

is responsible for the contraction of the myofibrils & muscles as a whole
- myosin: thick filaments
Actin: thin filaments

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12
Q

sacromere

A

unit of thick & thin filaments

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13
Q

layers of fascia (skeletal muscle)

A

epimysium
perimysium
endomysium

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14
Q

muscles facts

A
  • muscles have good nerve & blood supply
  • motor neurons: nerves that bring the impulses from nervous system to muscles
  • neurotransmitters stimulate the muscle to contract & produce force
  • rich network of capillaries which provide muscle with oxygen, nutrients and calcium & remove waste products
  • muscles are good at repairing damage
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15
Q

origin

A

attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone
proximal attachment

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16
Q

insertion

A

attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone
distal attachment

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17
Q

radius & ulna (origin or insertion?)

A

INSERTION

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18
Q

scapula (origin or insertion?)

A

ORIGIN

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19
Q

agonist

A

muscle doing the work & creating the movement

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20
Q

antagonist

A

muscles relaxing & letting the movement take place

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21
Q

muscles of the trunk

A

large & powerful
important role in stability
anterior muscles: rectus abdominus & external obliques
posterior muscle: erector spine

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22
Q

rectus abdominus

A

most superficial muscle in the anterior trunk
from pubis to ribs & sternum
when contract they pull the trunk forward

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23
Q

external obliques

A

side & front of trunk under rectus abdominus
involved in sideways bending movements & rotation

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24
Q

erector spine

A

series of overlapping muscles that run alongside most of the spine
when contract they pull trunk into extension

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25
Q

rectus abdominus (origin & insertion)

A

pubis ORIGIN
5-7 ribs & sternum INSERTION

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26
Q

external obliques (origin & insertion)

A

lower 8 ribs ORIGIN
ilium INSERTION

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27
Q

erector spine (origin & insertion)

A

ribs, cervical, thoracic & lumbar vertebrae, ilium ORIGIN
ribs, ervical, thoracic & lumbar vertebrae INSERTION

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28
Q

muscles of upper extremities

A

provide stabilization for the pectoral girdle
allows other muscles around shoulder generate higher level of force
- anterior (front body): deltoid, pectorals major, biceps brachii
- posterior (back body): trapezius, latissimus dorsi, triceps brachii

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29
Q

deltoid muscle

A

covers anterior, superior & posterior parts of shoulder
has a rounded appearance
involved in most shoulder movement

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30
Q

pectoralis major

A

tendon of the pectorals major forms the front of the armpit & it inserts to the inside of the humerus
movements where arm is raised up or brought forward

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31
Q

biceps brachii

A

responsible for both movements of shoulder

32
Q

trapezius

A

triangular muscle located on the posterior neck & upper back
function: raise the shoulder
produces powerful shoulder joint movements

33
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

large muscle located on the back
ORIGIN: sacrum, ilium, lumbar & thoracic vertebrae
INSERTION: humerus
function: brings arm backwards & rotates arm inwards
rowing, swimming & boxing

34
Q

triceps brachii

A

posterior of the upper arm
ORIGIN: scapula & humerus
INSERTION: radial tuberosity
function: invoved in both shoulder & elbow movements where arm extends backwards at the shoulder and straightens the elbow

35
Q

deltoid (origin & insertion)

A

ORIGIN: scapula, clavicle
INSERTION: lateral humerus

36
Q

pectorals major

A

ORIGIN: sternum, clavicle, anterior ribs
INSERTION: humerus

37
Q

biceps brachii

A

ORIGIN: scapula
INSERTION: radius, ulna

38
Q

trapezius

A

ORIGIN: cervical and thoracic vertebrae, base of skull
INSERTION: clavicle, scapula

39
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

ORIGIN: sacrum, ilium, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
INSERTION: humerus

40
Q

triceps branchii

A

ORIGIN: scapula, humerus
INSERTION: ulna

41
Q

muscles of lower extremity

A

IMPORTANT as they have to bear the weight of the entire body and push off the ground to move the body forwards & upwards
- anterior: ilipsoas, sartorius, quadriceps & tibialis
- posterior: gluteus maximus, hamstrings, gastrocnemius & soleus

42
Q

iliopsoas

A

around hips and lower back
ORIGIN: lumbar vertebrae & ilium
INSERTION: femur
function: flexion of hip

43
Q

sartorius

A

longest muscle in body, crossing both hip & know joints
runs from ilium to the medial tibia
function: bring the thigh upwards at the hip while the satoris bends the knee

44
Q
A
45
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

l

46
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

large muscle located in the back
function: bring arm backwards
rowing, swimming & boxing

47
Q

triceps brachii

A

posterior of the upper arm
function: shoulder & elbow movements (shoulder backwards & straightens elbow)

48
Q

deltoid (origin & insertion)

A

ORIGIN: scapula & clavicle
INSERTION: lateral humerus

49
Q

pectoralis major (origin & insertion)

A

ORIGIN: sternum, clavicle, anterior ribs
INSERTION: humerus

50
Q

biceps branchii (origin & insertion)

A

ORIGIN: scapula
INSERTION: radius & ulna

51
Q

trapezius (origin & insertion)

A

ORIGIN: cervical and thoracic vertebrae & base of the skull
INSERTION: clavicle & scapula

52
Q

latissimus dorsi (origin & insertion)

A

ORIGIN: sacrum, ilium, thoracic & lumbar vertebrae
INSERTION: humerus

53
Q

triceps brachii (origin & insertion)

A

ORIGIN: scapula & humerus
INSERTION: ulna

54
Q

muscles of lower extremities

A

larger muscles
anterior: iliopsoas, satorius, quadriceps & tibialis
posterior: gluteus maximus, hamstrings, gastrocnemius & soleus

55
Q

iliopsoas

A

located around the hips and lower back
function: flexion of hip

56
Q

sartorius

A

longest in the body, crossing the hip & knee joints
function: bring thigh upwards at the hip & bends the knee

57
Q

quadriceps

A

4 main muscles
- rectus femoris
- vestus intermedialis
- vastus medialis
- vastus lateralis
function: helps straighten knee

58
Q

tibialis anterior

A

located front of the lower leg

59
Q

gluteus maximus

A

covers the posterior hip & buttock
function: moves thigh backwards & hip into its extension phase

60
Q

hamstring muscle

A

3 muscles
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus muscles
located in the posterior thigh

61
Q

calf muscle

A

2 main muscles
- gastrocnemius
- soleus muscles

62
Q

gastrocnemius

A

most predominant & superficial muscle

63
Q

soleus

A

underneath the gastrocnemius

64
Q

tendons of calf muscle

A

tendons of both muscle joint together to the Achilles tendon & this then attaches to the calcaneus (heel)

65
Q

iliposoas

A

ORIGIN: lumbar vertebrae, ilium
INSTERION: inner femur

66
Q

sartorius

A

ORIGIN: ilium
INSTERION: medial tibia

67
Q

rectus femoris

A

ORIGIN: ilium
INSTERION: patella & tibia

68
Q

vastus intermedialis

A

ORIGIN: femur
INSTERION: patella & tibia

69
Q

vastus madialis

A

ORIGIN: femur
INSTERION: patella & tibia

70
Q

vastus lateralis

A

ORIGIN: femur
INSTERION: patella & tibia

71
Q

tibialis anterior

A

ORIGIN: lateral tibia
INSTERION: first metatarsal & first cuneiform

72
Q

hamstring muscle

A

ORIGIN: ischium
INSTERION: onto different parts of the knee

73
Q

gluteus maximus

A

ORIGIN: posterior ilium, sacrum & coccyx
INSTERION: lateral femur

74
Q

gastrocnemius

A

ORIGIN: posterior femur
INSTERION: calcaneus via Achilles tendon

75
Q

soleus

A

ORIGIN: posterior tibia & fibula
INSTERION: calcaneus via Achilles tendon

Anatomy (9 decks)

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