SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards
What do the osteoblasts do
Form bone
What are osteogenic cells
Multi potent stem calls and can differentiate
What do osteoclasts do
Resorbs bone
What do osteocytes do
Maintains the bone tissue
What are the 5 types of bone
Long, short, flat, sesamoid and irregular
What is on the end of the long bone to reduce friction
Articular cartilage
What is ossification
The process of forming bones
What are 3 factors that reduce ossification
Genetics, nutrition and hormones
What does vitamin a do
Stimulates osteoblasts
What is vitamin c needed for
Synthesis of collagen
What does vitamin d do
Increases absorption of calcium
Why is vitamin k and b12 needed
Synthesis of bone proteins
What does insulin do
Stimulates osteoblasts
What does growth hormone do
Stimulate the production of IGF
What does thyroid hormone do
Stimulate osteoblasts
What does estrogen and androgens. Do
Induce death of osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts
What are the two types of embryonic ossification
Intramembranous and endochondrial
Where does intramembranous origninate and what kind of bones does it make
Mesenchyme and flat bones
Where does endochondrial originate and what kind of bones does it form
Originates from a cartilage model and makes all bones except flat
Where is the compact and spongy bone for flat bones
Compact bone outside and spongy inside
Where is spongy bone and compact in the diaphysis of the long bone
Compact outside, spongy middle and medullary cavity in the middle
Where does bone growth happen before end of puberty
In the epiphyseal plate
What is an open bone fracture
Clean break and bone protrudes through skin
What is a closed fracture
Clean break and bone doesn’t protrude the skin
What is a commuted fracture
Bone is crushed or splintered and fragments lie between
What is a green stick fracture
Only one side of the bone is broken and the other side is bent
What does the axial skeleton contain
Vital organs
What is the appenducalr skeleton used for
Locomotion
What does the pectoral girdle contain
Clavicle and scapula
What does the pelvic girdle contain
Ilium, ischium and pubis
