5-1 5-2 NERVOUS ANATOMY + BRAIN STRUCTURE

Question 1

what does the CNS include

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

what does the PNS include

Answer 2

ganglion and nerves

Question 3

what are the two systems in the PNS

Answer 3

afferent and efferent

Question 4

what is the afferent system

Answer 4

neutrons that carry electrical impulses towards the CNS from receptors

Question 5

what is the efferent system

Answer 5

neurons that carry charges away from the CNS to muscles and glands

Question 6

what are the two types of efferent system

Answer 6

somatic and autonomic

Question 7

what is the somatic system

Answer 7

efferent neurons under voluntary control

Question 8

what is the autonomic system

Answer 8

efferent neurons under voluntary control

Question 9

what are the two types of autonomic systems

Answer 9

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 10

what are neurons

Answer 10

active cell type

Question 11

what are cell bodies

Answer 11

contains most cellular organelles

Question 12

what are dendrites and their functions

Answer 12

extensions of cell membrane that send impulses towards the cell

Question 13

what are axons and their function

Answer 13

single, long process.

Question 14

what are sensory / afferent neurons and the function

Answer 14

messages are sent to the CNS; mostlyhave a single process attached to cell body.

Question 15

what are motor / efferent neurons?

Answer 15

messages are sent away from CNS. many processes attached to cell body

Question 16

what is neuroglia and its function

Answer 16

supports and insulates cells between neurons, promotes health and growth of the nruones

Question 17

what are astrocytes (CNS)

Answer 17

support neurons, secrete CSF

Question 18

what are microglial cells (CNS)

Answer 18

clean up in CNS

Question 19

What are oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS) ?

Answer 19

these cells extend cell membrane, wrap around and insulate neutron. produces myelin sheaths

Question 20

what is the myelin sheath

Answer 20

white, phospholipid coating, increases speed of impulse conduction

Question 21

how are neurons organized in the PNS

Answer 21

cell bodies = ganglia, axons = nerves

Question 22

how are neurones organized in the CNS

Answer 22

cell bodies = nuclei / grey matter, axons = tracts / white matter (bc of myelin sheaths)

Question 23

what are the meninges

Answer 23

connective tissue membrane that surround the CNS

Question 24

what are the functions of the meninges

Answer 24

• cover and protect the CNS
• protect blood vessels
• contain CSF
  -form partitions

Question 25

what are the 3 maters that make up the meninges

Answer 25

dura, arachnoid and pia

Question 26

what is the function of the CSF

Answer 26

nourishes the brain, gives buoyancy and carries chemical signals

Question 27

what is the pathway of the CSf

Answer 27

filtrate of the blood, moves between ventricles (arachnoid0 and reabsorbed into 4th ventricle

Question 28

what are the 4 main parts of the brain

Answer 28

cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem and cerebellum

Question 29

what are the 4 lobes in the cerebrum

Answer 29

front, occipital, parietal and temporal

Question 30

what does the cerebrum do

Answer 30

interpret sensory info, controls voluntary response related to reading, writing, speaking, thinking, feeling and moving

Question 31

what is the diencephalon composed of

Answer 31

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 32

what is the thalamus

Answer 32

responsible for receiving all of the sensory info. interprets pain and pleasure

Question 33

what is the hypothalamus

Answer 33

connects nervous and endocrine system. maintains homeostasis in the body

Question 34

what are the three parts of the brain stem

Answer 34

midbrain, pons and medula oblongata

Question 35

what is the midbrain responsible for

Answer 35

reflex movements

Question 36

what is the pons

Answer 36

relay station between cerebellum and brain stem

Question 37

what is the medulla oblongata

Answer 37

where the motor fibres cross over

Question 38

where is the cerebellum

Answer 38

back of the brainstem

Question 39

what are the cerebellums functions

Answer 39

helos control tumung and patterns of ur skeletal system, maintains posture and maintains equilibrium

Question 40

where is the medulla oblongata located

Answer 40

between first and second spinal vertebrae

Question 41

how many segments in spinal cord

Answer 41

31

Question 42

what matter is inside and outside of the spinal cord

Answer 42

grey inside, white outside

Question 43

what are the functions of the spinal cord

Answer 43

carries info. sensory impulses from PNS to brain. motor impulses from brain to PNS. reflex arcs. passes a nerve impulse from a sensory neutron to a motor neuron.