Skeletal System Flashcards
6 different functions of the skeletal system
Support
Posture
Protection
Movement
Making blood cells
Mineral storage
What does support of the skeleton do?
Skeleton is a rigid bone frame for the rest of the body, it SUPPORTS the soft tissues like skin and muscles
What does posture do?
Skeleton gives our body the correct shape, which gives you good posture.
For example, good posture aids performance in gymnastics
What does protection do?
Bones are tough and they protect vital organs, which allows you to perform well in sport without fear of serious injury
What does movement help?
Muscles, attached to bones by tendons, can move bones at joints. This is essential for good performance.
Different types of movement at various joints
Making blood cells?
Some bones contain bone marrow, which makes components of blood, like red blood cells, which are important during exercise as they transport oxygen to muscles so they can move.
Mineral storage?
Bones store minerals (calcium and phosphorus) which help with bone strength, less likely to break a bone, and muscle contraction, so the body can move
Bones of the head and torso?
Cranium
Vertebrae
Sternum
Ribs
Scapula
Clavicle
Pelvis
Bones of the arms and hands
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Bones of leg and feet
Femur
Fibula
Tibia
Patella
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
What is a joint?
Any point where two bones meet
What is a synovial joint?
A joint that allows a wide range of movement and has a joint capsule enclosing it
What are the ball and socket joints?
Hip and shoulder
What are the two hinge joints?
Knee and elbow
What are ligaments?
They hold bones together to restrict how much joints move, which helps maintain stability of skeleton and prevents dislocation. These are made of tough and fibrous tissue.
What are tendons?
They attach muscles to bones (or muscles) to allow bones to move when muscles contract
What is cartilage?
Acts as a cushion between bones to prevent damage during movement and aids the stability of the joint
The structure of a synovial joint?
•Bones are held together by ligaments.
•Ends of the bones are covered with cartilage and are shaped so they can fit together and move smoothly.
•Synovial membrane releases synovial fluid into the joint capsule to lubricator the joint for easier movement.
What is flexion?
Closing a joint (the wrist movement during a basketball throw)
What is extension?
Opening a joint (kicking a football)
What is rotation?
Clockwise or anti-clockwise movement (the leg movement during a turnout in ballet)
What is circumduction?
Movement of a limb, hand or foot in a circular motion (bowling a cricket ball over arm)
What is abduction?
Moving away from an imaginary centre line (taking back a tennis racket and swinging it)
What is adduction?
Moving towards an imaginary centre line (swinging a golf club)
