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Massage Therapy Module 2 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone forming cells which secrete a substance that mineralizes bone tissue.

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2
Q

Osteocytes

A

Matured osteoblasts which become trapped in the bone matrix.

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3
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Cells that break down and remodel bone.

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4
Q

Compact bone

A

Forms the outer shell of bones and around 80% of the bone’s mass.

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5
Q

Osteon

A

Unit of compact bone. Cylindrical and runs lengthwise.

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6
Q

Haversian canal

A

Lengthwise canal at the centre of an osteon. Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves.

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7
Q

Volkmann canals

A

Transverse canals that connect Haversian canals. Contain blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves.

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8
Q

Types of ossification

A

Endochondral and intramembranous.

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9
Q

Long bones

A

Bones which are longer than they are wide.

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10
Q

Short bones

A

Generally small, cuboid bones with multiple articulating surfaces.

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11
Q

Flat bones

A

Bones with a broad, flat surface

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12
Q

Irregular bones

A

Oddly shaped bones

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13
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Round bones embedded in tendons and ligaments.

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14
Q

Bone shapes

A

Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid.

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15
Q

Diaphysis

A

Cylindrical shaft of a long bone.

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16
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Hollow space within the diaphysis. Filled with bone marrow.

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17
Q

Periosteum

A

Connective tissue covering over the diaphysis. Contains blood vessels, nerves and osteoblasts.

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18
Q

Epiphysis

A

End of a long bone.

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19
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage which covers the articulating surfaces of the epiphysis.

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20
Q

Purpose of articular cartilage

A

Allows for smoother movements.

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21
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

A line of cartilage near the end of growing bones. Becomes the epiphyseal line when growth is complete.

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22
Q

Metaphysis

A

The neck portion of a long bone. Contains the epiphyseal plate.

23
Q

How many bones in the axial skeleton?

A

80

24
Q

Bone of the axial skeleton

A

Skull, vertebral column, sternum and ribs.

25
Q

How many bones in the skull?

A

29

26
Q

How many bones in the vertebral column?

A

26

27
Q

How many pairs of ribs?

A

12

28
Q

How many bones in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126

29
Q

Bones of the appendicular skeleton

A

Shoulder girdles, upper extremities, pelvic girdles and lower extremities.

30
Q

How many bones in the arm?

A

30

31
Q

How many bones in the shoulder girdle?

A

2 each

32
Q

How many bones in the pelvic girdle?

A

6

33
Q

How many bones in each leg?

A

30

34
Q

Types of joints

A

Fibrous, cartilagenous and synovial.

35
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Bones are connected by dense fibrous connective tissue. Typically synarthrotic.

36
Q

Cartilagenous joints

A

The joint consists of fibrocartilage of hyaline cartilage and allows for some movement. Typically amphiarthrotic.

37
Q

Synovial joints

A

The joint contains a joint capsule with a synovial membrane and fluid. Typically diarthrotic.

38
Q

Synarthrotic

A

A joint with limited movement.

39
Q

Synarthrotic joint examples

A

Teeth and skull

40
Q

Amphiarthrotic joint

A

A slightly movable joint.

41
Q

Amphiarthrotic joint examples

A

Vertebrae, pubic symphysis

42
Q

Diarthrotic joint

A

A freely moveable joint.

43
Q

Synovial fluid purpose

A

Provide lubrication and nutrients to the articular cartilage.

44
Q

Labrum

A

A ring of fibrocartilage around the edge of the articular cartilage of a synovial joint. Increases surface area.

45
Q

Bursae

A

Flattened saclike structures between ligaments and tendons which reduce friction.

46
Q

Fat pads

A

Pads of fat around some synovial joints to protect the articular cartilage.

47
Q

Synovial sheaths

A

Elongated bursae which surround tendons to increase gliding capacity.

48
Q

Menisci

A

Crescent shaped fibrocartilagenous pads found in the knee and jaw. Allows joints to fit together more smoothly.

49
Q

Joint types which are uniaxial

A

Hinge and pivot.

50
Q

Joint types which are biaxial

A

Saddle and ellipsoid

51
Q

Saddle joint

A

A joint with a concave and a convex surface articulating together.

52
Q

Ellipsoidal joint

A

An elliptical ball and socket joint.

53
Q

Joint types which are multiaxial

A

Ball and socket and gliding.

Massage Therapy Module 2 (6 decks)

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