Skeletal Pathologies Flashcards
Adhesive Capulitis
Th shoulder joint capsule becomes thick and chronically inflamed. Causes pain and limited range of motion.
Frozen shoulder
Common name for adhesive capulitis.
Stages of frozen shoulder
Freezing, frozen and thawing.
Freezing stage of adhesive capulitis
Gradual onset of a dull ache and stiffness that slowly develops into pain. Lasts 6 weeks to 9 months.
Frozen stage of adhesive capulitis
The pain may lessen, but the shoulder remains very stiff. Lasts 2 to 6 months.
Thawing stage of adhesive capulitis
Pain lessens and ROM slowly increases.
Massage of adhesive capulitis
Can be applied at any time and should include gently PROM work such as the pendulum.
Baker cyst
A fluid filled pouch forms in the popliteal space. Common in older adults with knee problems.
Causes of Baker cysts
Caused by inflammation of the knee, typically a meniscal tear.
Rare complication of Baker cysts
DVT
Massage for Baker cysts
Assess for DVT before beginning. Use a soft bolster under the knee.
Signs of DVT
Unilateral swelling, heat, redness, discolouration or pain.
Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursa.
Common locations for bursitis
Shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, heel and toe.
Massage for bursitis
Do not massage if the bursitis is acute.
Subluxations
Partial dislocations
Massage for dislocations and subluxations
Massage only after acute inflammation has resolved. Avoid PROM and traction.
Massage for fractures
Never massage distal to an immobilization. Massage over the fracture site after healing.
Ganglion cyst
A fluid filled pouch that forms on tendons or joints, often the wrists.
Massage and ganglion cysts
Treat as a local contraindication.
Gout
Arthritis caused by uric acid crystals. Often found in the big toe.
Stages of gout
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia, acute gout and chronic tophaceous gout.
Massage for gout
Postpone massage if the client is feverish, otherwise avoid the affected areas.
Hyperkyphosis
Exaggeration of the normal posterior kyphotic curvature of the thoracic spine.
Massage for hyperkyphosis
Position for comfort and avoid traction and PROM on the thoracic spine. Massage pectorals, serratus anterior and rhomboids.
Hyperlordosis
Exaggeration of the normal anterior lumbar curvature and anterior pelvic tilt.
Massage for hyperlordosis
Avoid traction and PROM of the lumbar spine. Massage the quads, peraspinals and glutes.
Lyme disease
Arthritis caused by a bacterium.
Massage for Lyme disease
Postpone in the event of a fever. Avoid traction and PROM of affected joints. Treat any lesions or rashes as local contraindications.
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Patellar tendinitis at the tibial tuberosity.
Massage for Osgood-Schlatter disease
Treat as a local contraindication in the event of acute inflammation. Massage the quadriceps on both legs.
Spondylosis
Osteoarthritis of the spine.
Massage for osteoarthritis
Application of cold or moist heat can help. Avoid traction and PROM of affected joints.
Massage for osteoporosis
Use only light pressure and gentle PROM.
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
Pain and stiffness in front of and around the patella.
Chondromalacia patallae (CMP)
Softening and degeneration of the articular cartilage in the posterior patella.
Massage for knee pain
Massage the hamstrings and quads in shortened and lengthened positions.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Autoimmune attack of synovial membranes.
Massage and rheumatoid arthritis
Avoid areas with subcutaneous nodules. Light pressure massage during flare ups. Superficial heat can be beneficial, but deep heat accelerates disease progression.
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Massage and scoliosis
Massage tension in the back muscles. Avoid traction and PROM of the affected joints.
Spondylolisthesis
Anteriorly displaced vertebra.
Isthemic spondylolisthesis
Caused by a spinal fracture.
Degenerative spondylolisthesis
Caused by osteoarthritis in the lumbar spine.
Massage and spondylolisthesis
Use light pressure over the lumbosacral region. Avoid traction and PROM over the lumbar spine.
Sprain
Overstretched or torn ligament.
Grade 1 sprain
Ligament is overstretched but not torn. The joint is stable but has some slight discomfort.
Grade 2 sprain
The ligament is torn and there is swelling. The surrounding muscles split to decrease movement. There is moderate joint instability and pain without movement.
Grade 3 sprain
The ligament is completely ruptured. Significant swelling and unstable joint.
Massage and sprains
Massage with friction after acute inflammation has resolved.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Pain and dysfunction of the TMJ.
Massage and TMD
Massage the masseter
Causes of TMD
Can be caused by the masticatory muscles (myogenic) or the joint (articular).
