SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards
The Skeletal System makes up __% of the body
weight.
20%
provides firm
yet flexible support within
certain structures
Cartilage
_____________are strong
bands of fibrous
connective tissue that
hold bones together.
Ligaments
what encloses and
protects the brain
Skull
What surrounds
and protects the spinal
cord
vertebrae
What protects the
heart, lungs, and other
organs in the thorax
rib cage
______________ are strong bands of connective tissue which attach bones to the skeletal muscles to provide movement through contraction.
Tendons
are formed when
two or more bones come
together.
Joints
What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system
- Body support
- Organ protection
- Body Movement
- Mineral Storage
- Blood Cell production
It restricts
excessive movement.
Ligaments
__________ and ___________are the principal minerals stored
in the bone and are
essential for many
physiological activities.
Calcium and Phosphorus
What tissue is also
stored within bone cavities
Adipose Tissues
__________ and other minerals mentioned are released into the blood when needed and used by other tissues.
Lipids
produces red blood cells
and platelets and fill the
bone cavities of many
bones.
Red bone marrow
The matrix, which exists in skeletal tissue, is produced by cells which become entrapped in them. Its composition is responsible for its characteristics
Bone matrix
Mature bone matrix is normally about ____% organic
and ___% inorganic material
35% organic and 65% inorganic material
Provides flexibility but resists
pulling or compression. Essential for the attachment functions of tendons and ligaments and shock-absorption of the cartilage.
Collagen
Water-trapping protein molecules that help cartilage be smooth and resilient.
Proteoglycans
A calcium phosphate crystal that has a molecular formula of
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2.
Hydroxyapapitite
_____________ and ________________ are responsible for the major functional characteristics
of the bone.
collagen and minerals
becomes overly flexible if college becomes the primary constituent of the matrix if
other minerals in long bones are reduced.
bone
True or false
The bone becomes brittle if the amount of collagen
is reduced.
true
What are the 3 types of bone cells?
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
Are stem cells which are undifferentiated cells
that form into cells suited for specific functions.
OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS
Bone building cells for bone formation, repair,
and remodelling.
OSTEOBLAST
Produces collagen and proteoglycans.
OSTEOBLAST
The formation of new bone by osteoblasts.
Can occur during the fetal stage, growth, and
fractures
OSSIFICATION
Produces the components needed to maintain
the bone matrix
osteosytes
houses the osteocyte cell bodies within the bone matrix
Lacunae
are narrow, long spaces housing the osteocyte cell extensions.
Canaliculi
These extensions form a “mold” around which the matrix is formed where nutrients and gases can pass through.
Canaliculi
Carry out bone reabsorption which is important in mobilizing crucial Ca2+ and phosphate ions for the use in metabolic processes.
OSTEOCLASTS
The process of ossification determines the classification of each bone based on the
amount of space within the bone relative to the
bone matrix.
SPONGY COMPACT BONE
are the mature bones which
are organized into thin, concentric sheets called
lamellae.
LAMELLLAR BONES
Appears porous and has less bone matrix
SPONGY BONE
are thin, interconnecting rods or plates of bone that make up the spongy bone.
TRABECULAE
The solid, outer layer surrounding each bone. It has more matrix, is denser, and has fewer
pores.
COMPACT BONE / CORTICAL BONE
___________ is the
primary functional unit of the compact bone.
OSTEON
________________ are surrounded by rings
of bone matrix, are lined with endosteum and contain blood vessels, nerves, and loose
connective tissue.
Central Cannals
The center portion of the bone
DIAPHYSIS
The hollow center of the bone
is surrounded by compact
bone tissue.
MEDULLARY CAVITY
The ends of a long bone
composed of mostly spongy
bone with an outer layer of
compact bone.
EPIPHYSES
Covers the end of long bones
within joints
Articular Cartilage
The growth plate exists
between the epiphysis and
diaphysis where growth in
bone length occurs.
Epiphyseal Plate
Signals the stop in growth of
length in bones when it
ossifies.
Epiphyseal Line
Site of red blood cell formation
and fills the cavities of spongy
bone and medullary cavity,
especially in fetuses.
red bone marrow
Composed of adipose tissues
and fills the cavities of spongy
bone, gradually replacing the
red bone marrow beginning
before birth to adulthood.
yellow bone marrow
Connective tissue membrane
that covers the outer surface of
the bone.
Periosteum
Single cell layer of connective
tissue that lines the medullary
cavities and smaller cavities of
spongy and compact bone.
Includes osteoblasts and
osteoclasts
Endosteum
