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REVIEWERS > SKELETAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

The Skeletal System makes up __% of the body
weight.

A

20%

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2
Q

provides firm
yet flexible support within
certain structures

A

Cartilage

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3
Q

_____________are strong
bands of fibrous
connective tissue that
hold bones together.

A

Ligaments

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4
Q

what encloses and
protects the brain

A

Skull

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5
Q

What surrounds
and protects the spinal
cord

A

vertebrae

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6
Q

What protects the
heart, lungs, and other
organs in the thorax

A

rib cage

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7
Q

______________ are strong bands of connective tissue which attach bones to the skeletal muscles to provide movement through contraction.

A

Tendons

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8
Q

are formed when
two or more bones come
together.

A

Joints

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9
Q

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system

A
  1. Body support
  2. Organ protection
  3. Body Movement
  4. Mineral Storage
  5. Blood Cell production
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10
Q

It restricts
excessive movement.

A

Ligaments

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11
Q

__________ and ___________are the principal minerals stored
in the bone and are
essential for many
physiological activities.

A

Calcium and Phosphorus

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12
Q

What tissue is also
stored within bone cavities

A

Adipose Tissues

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13
Q

__________ and other minerals mentioned are released into the blood when needed and used by other tissues.

A

Lipids

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13
Q

produces red blood cells
and platelets and fill the
bone cavities of many
bones.

A

Red bone marrow

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14
Q

The matrix, which exists in skeletal tissue, is produced by cells which become entrapped in them. Its composition is responsible for its characteristics

A

Bone matrix

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15
Q

Mature bone matrix is normally about ____% organic
and ___% inorganic material

A

35% organic and 65% inorganic material

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16
Q

Provides flexibility but resists
pulling or compression. Essential for the attachment functions of tendons and ligaments and shock-absorption of the cartilage.

A

Collagen

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17
Q

Water-trapping protein molecules that help cartilage be smooth and resilient.

A

Proteoglycans

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18
Q

A calcium phosphate crystal that has a molecular formula of
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2.

A

Hydroxyapapitite

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19
Q

_____________ and ________________ are responsible for the major functional characteristics
of the bone.

A

collagen and minerals

20
Q

becomes overly flexible if college becomes the primary constituent of the matrix if
other minerals in long bones are reduced.

A

bone

21
Q

True or false

The bone becomes brittle if the amount of collagen
is reduced.

A

true

22
Q

What are the 3 types of bone cells?

A
  1. Osteoblasts
  2. Osteocytes
  3. Osteoclasts
23
Q

Are stem cells which are undifferentiated cells
that form into cells suited for specific functions.

A

OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS

24
Q

Bone building cells for bone formation, repair,
and remodelling.

A

OSTEOBLAST

25
Q

Produces collagen and proteoglycans.

A

OSTEOBLAST

26
Q

The formation of new bone by osteoblasts.

Can occur during the fetal stage, growth, and
fractures

A

OSSIFICATION

27
Q

Produces the components needed to maintain
the bone matrix

A

osteosytes

28
Q

houses the osteocyte cell bodies within the bone matrix

A

Lacunae

29
Q

are narrow, long spaces housing the osteocyte cell extensions.

A

Canaliculi

30
Q

These extensions form a “mold” around which the matrix is formed where nutrients and gases can pass through.

A

Canaliculi

31
Q

Carry out bone reabsorption which is important in mobilizing crucial Ca2+ and phosphate ions for the use in metabolic processes.

A

OSTEOCLASTS

32
Q

The process of ossification determines the classification of each bone based on the
amount of space within the bone relative to the
bone matrix.

A

SPONGY COMPACT BONE

33
Q

are the mature bones which
are organized into thin, concentric sheets called
lamellae.

A

LAMELLLAR BONES

34
Q

Appears porous and has less bone matrix

A

SPONGY BONE

35
Q

are thin, interconnecting rods or plates of bone that make up the spongy bone.

A

TRABECULAE

36
Q

The solid, outer layer surrounding each bone. It has more matrix, is denser, and has fewer
pores.

A

COMPACT BONE / CORTICAL BONE

37
Q

___________ is the
primary functional unit of the compact bone.

A

OSTEON

38
Q

________________ are surrounded by rings
of bone matrix, are lined with endosteum and contain blood vessels, nerves, and loose
connective tissue.

A

Central Cannals

39
Q

The center portion of the bone

A

DIAPHYSIS

40
Q

The hollow center of the bone
is surrounded by compact
bone tissue.

A

MEDULLARY CAVITY

41
Q

The ends of a long bone
composed of mostly spongy
bone with an outer layer of
compact bone.

A

EPIPHYSES

42
Q

Covers the end of long bones

within joints

A

Articular Cartilage

43
Q

The growth plate exists
between the epiphysis and
diaphysis where growth in
bone length occurs.

A

Epiphyseal Plate

44
Q

Signals the stop in growth of
length in bones when it
ossifies.

A

Epiphyseal Line

45
Q

Site of red blood cell formation
and fills the cavities of spongy
bone and medullary cavity,
especially in fetuses.

A

red bone marrow

46
Q

Composed of adipose tissues
and fills the cavities of spongy
bone, gradually replacing the
red bone marrow beginning
before birth to adulthood.

A

yellow bone marrow

47
Q

Connective tissue membrane
that covers the outer surface of
the bone.

A

Periosteum

48
Q

Single cell layer of connective
tissue that lines the medullary
cavities and smaller cavities of
spongy and compact bone.
Includes osteoblasts and
osteoclasts

A

Endosteum

REVIEWERS (8 decks)

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