INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM?
- Protection
- Sensation
- Vitamin D Production
- Temperature Regulation
- Excretion
Made up of two major tissue layers; epidermis and dermis
SKIN
superficial layer of skin
Epidermis
a layer of dense connective tissue right below the epidermis
Dermis
Stratified squamous epithelium; Consist of layers called strata
Epidermis
Keratinization - the cells change shape and chemical composition; it becomes filled with the protein keratin which makes them more rigid and durable
Consists of cuboidal or columnar cells; deepest layer
Stratum Basale
Has a flattened appearance; Accumulates lipid filled vesicles called lamellar bodies
Stratum Spinosum
Thin, clear zone; The cells of this layer no longer have nuclei
or organelles making cells stain more lightly
Stratum Lucidum
Most superficial layer; Consists of 25 or more layers of dead
squamous cells filled with keratin joined by desmosomes
Stratum Corneum
Flat and diamond shaped; The cells accumulate more keratin and release the content of the lamellar bodies to the extracellular space
Stratum Granulosum
sloughed cells from the surface of the SCALP
Dandruff
formed when the layers of stratum corneum increases when SUBJECTED TO FRICTION
Callus
a CONE-SHAPED STRUCTURE that can form in body areas due to layering
Corn
Dense collagenous connective tissue; Contains fibroblasts, adipocytes, and macrophages
DERMIS
damage in the dermis caused
by OVERSTRETCHING
Stretch marks
orientation of collagen fibers
in different directions; the skin is most resistant to stretch along these lines
Cleavage line
PROJECTIONS on the upper part
of the dermis; supplies nutrients to the dermis
Dermal papillae
PATTERNS that shape the
overlying epidermis
Friction ridges
delivers material to the
blood slowly; administered by inserting a small needle at a SHALLOW ANGLE into the dermis
Intradermal injection
pinching the skin to form a tent and inserting a short needle into the ADIPOSE TISSUE
Subcutaneous Tissue
delivers material to the blood faster the intradermal or subcutaneous; inserting a long needle at a 90 degree angle into a MUSCLE deep to the subcutaneous tissue
Intramuscular injection
NOTES ON SKIN COLOR
(hindi siya question. additional info lang)
Factors that determine skin color: pigments in the skin, blood circulating through the skin, and thickness of the stratum corneum
GROUP OF PIGMENTS responsible for skin, hair, and eye color; also provides protection against
UV light from the sun
Melanin
produces melanin; Located between the stratum basale and stratum spinosum
Melanocytes
VESICLES where melanin is
packaged
Melanosomes
recessive genetic trait that causes a deficiency or an absence of melanin resulting in fair skin, white hair, and unpigmented irises in the eyes
Albinism
a decrease of O2 in the blood producing a BLUISH COLOR of the skin
cyanosis
YELLOW PIGMENTfound in plants such as squash and carrots
Carotene
Most common type of cancer
SKIN CANCER
Group of people to likely be affected are fair-skinned people
older than 50 years old
the MOST FREQUENT type, with little chance that this type of cancer will spread or metastasize to other areas
Basal Cell Carcinoma
develops from cells immediately superficial to the stratum basale; results to nodular, keratinized tumor
confined to the epidermis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
rare form of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes, usually a in a preexisting mole; it is common and often
fatal unless diagnosed and treated early in development
Malignant Melanoma
AKA the Hypodermis
SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE
Found everywhere on the skin, except on the palms, soles, lips, nipples, parts of the genitalia, and the distal segments of the fingers and toes
HAIR
invagination of the epidermis that EXTENDS DEEP into the dermis
Hair Follicle
protrudes ABOVE the surface of the skin
Hair Shaft
part of the hair BELOW the surface
HAIR ROOT
EXPANDED BASE of the root; where hair is produced
Hair Bulb
EXTENSION of the dermis that
protrudes into the hair bulb; its blood vessels supply the hair bulb with nourishment to produce hair
Hair Papilla
soft CENTER of the hair
MEDULLA
SURROUNDS the softer center of the hair
Cortex
single layer or OVERLAPPING CELLS that holds the hair in the hair follicle
Cuticle
smooth muscle cells; when it
contracts it causes the hair to become more perpendicular to the skin’s surface and raises an
area of the skin called a “goose bump”
Arrector Pili
simple, branches acinar
glands that PRODUCES SEBUM
Sebaceous Glands
OILY, white substance rich in lipids; lubricates the hair and the surface of the skin which prevents drying and protect against bacteria
SEBUM
simple coiled tubular glands; Open onto the surface of the skin through sweat pores
ECCRINE
simple, coiled tubular glands; They open into hair follicles, but only in the armpits and genitalia
Apocrine Glands
A thin plate, consisting of layers of dead stratum corneum that contain a very hard type of keratin
NAIL
visible part of the nail
NAIL BODY
part of the nail covered by skin
NAIL ROOT
stratum corneum that extends onto the nail body
Cuticle
where the nail also attaches;
epithelial tissue with a stratum basale that gives rise to the cells that form the nail
NAIL BED
where the nail root extends distally
NAIL MATRIX
whitish, CRESCENT-SHAPED area at the
base of the nail
LUNULA
Receptors in the epidermis and dermis can detect pain, heat, cold, and pressure.
SENSATION
PROTECTION
Provides protection against abrasion and ultraviolet light
SENSATION
sensory receptors that can detect heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain
VITAMIN D PRODUCTION
When exposed to ultraviolet light, the skin produces a molecule that can be transformed into vitamin D; An important regulator of calcium homeostasis
TEMPERATURE REGULATION
the amount of blood flow beneath the skin’s surface and the activity of sweat glands in the skin
EXCRETION
Small amounts of waste products are lost through the skin and in gland secretion
a yellowish skin color resulting from liver damaged by a disease such as hepatitis
JAUNDICE
results when bacteria infecting the throat release a toxin into the blood that causes a
REDDISH RASH on the skin
Scarlet fever
the skin produces excess
keratin and assumes a characteristic sandpaper
texture
Vitamin A
the nails lose their normal
contour and become flat or concave
Iron-deficiency Anemia
high levels of lead in the hair.
Lead poisoning
Injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction,
chemicals, electricity, or radiation.
BURNS
Part of the stratum basale remains viable, and regeneration of the epidermis occurs from within the burn area, as well as the edges of the burn.
Partial-Thickness Burns
The epidermis and the dermis are completely destroyed, and
recovery occurs from the edge of the burn wound. ; Third-degree burn and Fourth-degree burn
Full-Thickness Burns
involve only the epidermis and
are red and painful
First-degree burns
damage both the
epidermis and the dermis
Second-degree burns
- the epidermis and dermis are
COMPLETELY DESTROYED
Third-degree burns
EXTREMELY SEVERE burns that
affect tissues deeper than the subcutaneous tissue
Fourth-degree burns
- the epidermis and part of the
dermis are removed from another part of the body and placed over the burn
Split skin graft
