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REVIEWERS > INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Sensation
  3. Vitamin D Production
  4. Temperature Regulation
  5. Excretion
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2
Q

Made up of two major tissue layers; epidermis and dermis

A

SKIN

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3
Q

superficial layer of skin

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

a layer of dense connective tissue right below the epidermis

A

Dermis

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5
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium; Consist of layers called strata

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

Keratinization - the cells change shape and chemical composition; it becomes filled with the protein keratin which makes them more rigid and durable

A
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7
Q

Consists of cuboidal or columnar cells; deepest layer

A

Stratum Basale

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8
Q

Has a flattened appearance; Accumulates lipid filled vesicles called lamellar bodies

A

Stratum Spinosum

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8
Q

Thin, clear zone; The cells of this layer no longer have nuclei
or organelles making cells stain more lightly

A

Stratum Lucidum

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8
Q

Most superficial layer; Consists of 25 or more layers of dead
squamous cells filled with keratin joined by desmosomes

A

Stratum Corneum

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9
Q

Flat and diamond shaped; The cells accumulate more keratin and release the content of the lamellar bodies to the extracellular space

A

Stratum Granulosum

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9
Q

sloughed cells from the surface of the SCALP

A

Dandruff

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10
Q

formed when the layers of stratum corneum increases when SUBJECTED TO FRICTION

A

Callus

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11
Q

a CONE-SHAPED STRUCTURE that can form in body areas due to layering

A

Corn

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12
Q

Dense collagenous connective tissue; Contains fibroblasts, adipocytes, and macrophages

A

DERMIS

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13
Q

damage in the dermis caused
by OVERSTRETCHING

A

Stretch marks

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14
Q

orientation of collagen fibers
in different directions; the skin is most resistant to stretch along these lines

A

Cleavage line

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15
Q

PROJECTIONS on the upper part
of the dermis; supplies nutrients to the dermis

A

Dermal papillae

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16
Q

PATTERNS that shape the
overlying epidermis

A

Friction ridges

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16
Q

delivers material to the
blood slowly; administered by inserting a small needle at a SHALLOW ANGLE into the dermis

A

Intradermal injection

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16
Q

pinching the skin to form a tent and inserting a short needle into the ADIPOSE TISSUE

A

Subcutaneous Tissue

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16
Q

delivers material to the blood faster the intradermal or subcutaneous; inserting a long needle at a 90 degree angle into a MUSCLE deep to the subcutaneous tissue

A

Intramuscular injection

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17
Q

NOTES ON SKIN COLOR

(hindi siya question. additional info lang)

A

Factors that determine skin color: pigments in the skin, blood circulating through the skin, and thickness of the stratum corneum

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18
Q

GROUP OF PIGMENTS responsible for skin, hair, and eye color; also provides protection against
UV light from the sun

A

Melanin

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19
Q

produces melanin; Located between the stratum basale and stratum spinosum

A

Melanocytes

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20
Q

VESICLES where melanin is
packaged

A

Melanosomes

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21
Q

recessive genetic trait that causes a deficiency or an absence of melanin resulting in fair skin, white hair, and unpigmented irises in the eyes

A

Albinism

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22
Q

a decrease of O2 in the blood producing a BLUISH COLOR of the skin

A

cyanosis

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22
Q

YELLOW PIGMENTfound in plants such as squash and carrots

A

Carotene

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23
Q

Most common type of cancer

A

SKIN CANCER

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23
Q

Group of people to likely be affected are fair-skinned people

A

older than 50 years old

24
Q

the MOST FREQUENT type, with little chance that this type of cancer will spread or metastasize to other areas

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

25
Q

develops from cells immediately superficial to the stratum basale; results to nodular, keratinized tumor
confined to the epidermis

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

26
Q

rare form of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes, usually a in a preexisting mole; it is common and often
fatal unless diagnosed and treated early in development

A

Malignant Melanoma

27
Q

AKA the Hypodermis

A

SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE

28
Q

Found everywhere on the skin, except on the palms, soles, lips, nipples, parts of the genitalia, and the distal segments of the fingers and toes

A

HAIR

29
Q

invagination of the epidermis that EXTENDS DEEP into the dermis

A

Hair Follicle

30
Q

protrudes ABOVE the surface of the skin

A

Hair Shaft

31
Q

part of the hair BELOW the surface

A

HAIR ROOT

32
Q

EXPANDED BASE of the root; where hair is produced

A

Hair Bulb

33
Q

EXTENSION of the dermis that
protrudes into the hair bulb; its blood vessels supply the hair bulb with nourishment to produce hair

A

Hair Papilla

34
Q

soft CENTER of the hair

A

MEDULLA

34
Q

SURROUNDS the softer center of the hair

A

Cortex

35
Q

single layer or OVERLAPPING CELLS that holds the hair in the hair follicle

A

Cuticle

36
Q

smooth muscle cells; when it
contracts it causes the hair to become more perpendicular to the skin’s surface and raises an
area of the skin called a “goose bump”

A

Arrector Pili

37
Q

simple, branches acinar
glands that PRODUCES SEBUM

A

Sebaceous Glands

38
Q

OILY, white substance rich in lipids; lubricates the hair and the surface of the skin which prevents drying and protect against bacteria

A

SEBUM

39
Q

simple coiled tubular glands; Open onto the surface of the skin through sweat pores

A

ECCRINE

40
Q

simple, coiled tubular glands; They open into hair follicles, but only in the armpits and genitalia

A

Apocrine Glands

41
Q

A thin plate, consisting of layers of dead stratum corneum that contain a very hard type of keratin

A

NAIL

42
Q

visible part of the nail

A

NAIL BODY

43
Q

part of the nail covered by skin

A

NAIL ROOT

44
Q

stratum corneum that extends onto the nail body

A

Cuticle

45
Q

where the nail also attaches;
epithelial tissue with a stratum basale that gives rise to the cells that form the nail

A

NAIL BED

46
Q

where the nail root extends distally

A

NAIL MATRIX

47
Q

whitish, CRESCENT-SHAPED area at the
base of the nail

A

LUNULA

48
Q

Receptors in the epidermis and dermis can detect pain, heat, cold, and pressure.

A

SENSATION

49
Q

PROTECTION

A

Provides protection against abrasion and ultraviolet light

49
Q

SENSATION

A

sensory receptors that can detect heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain

49
Q

VITAMIN D PRODUCTION

A

When exposed to ultraviolet light, the skin produces a molecule that can be transformed into vitamin D; An important regulator of calcium homeostasis

49
Q

TEMPERATURE REGULATION

A

the amount of blood flow beneath the skin’s surface and the activity of sweat glands in the skin

50
Q

EXCRETION

A

Small amounts of waste products are lost through the skin and in gland secretion

51
Q

a yellowish skin color resulting from liver damaged by a disease such as hepatitis

A

JAUNDICE

52
Q

results when bacteria infecting the throat release a toxin into the blood that causes a
REDDISH RASH on the skin

A

Scarlet fever

53
Q

the skin produces excess
keratin and assumes a characteristic sandpaper
texture

A

Vitamin A

54
Q

the nails lose their normal
contour and become flat or concave

A

Iron-deficiency Anemia

55
Q

high levels of lead in the hair.

A

Lead poisoning

56
Q

Injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction,
chemicals, electricity, or radiation.

A

BURNS

57
Q

Part of the stratum basale remains viable, and regeneration of the epidermis occurs from within the burn area, as well as the edges of the burn.

A

Partial-Thickness Burns

58
Q

The epidermis and the dermis are completely destroyed, and
recovery occurs from the edge of the burn wound. ; Third-degree burn and Fourth-degree burn

A

Full-Thickness Burns

59
Q

involve only the epidermis and
are red and painful

A

First-degree burns

59
Q

damage both the
epidermis and the dermis

A

Second-degree burns

60
Q
  • the epidermis and dermis are
    COMPLETELY DESTROYED
A

Third-degree burns

60
Q

EXTREMELY SEVERE burns that
affect tissues deeper than the subcutaneous tissue

A

Fourth-degree burns

61
Q
  • the epidermis and part of the
    dermis are removed from another part of the body and placed over the burn
A

Split skin graft

REVIEWERS (8 decks)

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