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REVIEWERS > NON NURSING THEORIES > Flashcards

NON NURSING THEORIES Flashcards

1
Q

Is the study of intricate components that function as a whole.

A

SYSTEMS THEORY

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2
Q

are the internal sub-units of the organization that do not interact with the external environment

A

Closed systems

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3
Q

are internal subunits that interact with other systems (or sub-units within other systems) that are outside of the organization.

A

Open systems

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4
Q

an Austrian biologist and systems theorist known for developing General Systems Theory, which focuses on understanding complex systems and their behavior across various domains, including biology, sociology, and management.

A

LUDWIG VON BERTALANFFY

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5
Q

It is processed by the system in order to obtain the desired output

A

Inputs

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6
Q

It is the process that occurs to transform the inputs to the desired outputs.

A

Throughputs

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7
Q

It is the end product of the processing by the system.

A

Outputs

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8
Q

It is the process through which the output is returned to the system

A

Feedback

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9
Q

Systems theory encourages nurses to view patients as holistic entities, considering their physical, psychological, social, and environmental dimensions.

A

Holistic Patient Care

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10
Q

This approach promotes comprehensive care that addresses all aspects of a patient’s well-being.

A

Holistic Patient Care

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11
Q

Nursing often involves collaboration with various healthcare professionals.

A

Interdisciplinary Collaboration

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12
Q

Systems theory encourages nurses to go beyond treating symptoms and to identify and address the root causes of health issues.

A

Identifying Root Causes

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13
Q

Healthcare is dynamic, and systems theory equips nurses with the skills to adapt to evolving patient needs and healthcare settings.

A

Adapting To Change

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14
Q

Systems theory reminds nurses that each patient

A

Patient-Centered Care

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15
Q

Nurses always want to do their best. Adopting a systems theory will improve the quality of nursing care provided to patients.

A

Quality Improvement

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16
Q

Nursing education and research benefit from systems theory as it provides a structured approach to understanding complex healthcare phenomena.

A

Education and Research

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17
Q

He theorized the three stage model of the change theory

A

Kurt Tsadek Lewin

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18
Q

German-American social psychologist and is also known as the “Father of social psychology”

A

Kurt Tsadek Lewin

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19
Q

What stage of the the Change theory involves preparing the organization for change by creating a sense of urgency, communicating the vision and benefits of change, and overcoming resistance and inertia.

A

Unfreeze ( STAGE 1)

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20
Q

This stage in the Change theory is also known as transition stage. It is where “movement” happens.

A

Change ( STAGE 2)

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21
Q

This stage in the Change Theory is “Reinforcing, stabilizing, and solidifying the new state after the change”. This is where the newly learned skills and behaviors become permanent

A

Refreeze (STAGE 3)

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22
Q

He is a Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis

A

SIGMUND FREUD

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23
Q

It is the driving force of human behavior

A

Libido

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24
Q

What 5 phases of Freud’s Psychosexual Theory

A
  1. Oral phase
  2. Anal phase
  3. Phallic phase
  4. Latency phase
  5. Genital phase
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25
Q

Errogenous zone: mouth, lips, tongue

A

Oral phase

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26
Q

First sexual object, according to freudian psychoanalysis, followed by the mother hersefl

A

Mother’s breast

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27
Q

Acquisition of voluntary sphincter control

A

Anal phase

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28
Q

Too lenient potty training, underemphasis on cleanliness

A

Anal-expulsive

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29
Q

Too early toilet training, overemphasis on cleanliness

A

Anal-retentive

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30
Q

Aka oedipal stage

A

Phallic stage

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31
Q

Phase where child realize difference between ma,es and females

A

Phallic phase

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32
Q

Phase where child feels hostility toward same sex oarent

A

Phallic phase

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33
Q

Phase where child’s libido appears to be diverted into concrete thinking such as school activties

A

Latency phase

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34
Q

Ego and superego fully developed

A

Genital phase

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35
Q

Heterosexual stage development

A

Genital phase

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36
Q

Finding new love objects, establishing new sexual aims

A

Genital phase

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37
Q

He is a German-American Psychoanalyst

A

Erik Erikson

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38
Q

His theories marked an important shift in thinking on personality

A

Erik Erikson

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39
Q

Best known for his famous theory of
psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis.

A

Erik Erikson

40
Q

What are the 8 stages of Psychosocial Development?

A

STAGE 1: INFANCY (Trust vs Mistrust)
STAGE 2: EARLY CHILDHOOD ( (Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt)
STAGE 3: PLAY AGE ( Initiative vs Guilt)
STAGE 4: SCHOOL AGE (Industry vs Inferiority)
STAGE 5: ADOLESCENCE (Identity vs Confusion)
STAGE 6: EARLY ADULTHOOD (Intimacy vs Isolation)
STAGE 7: MIDDLE AGE (Generativity vs Stagnation)
STAGE 8: MIDDLE AGE (Integrity vs Despair)

41
Q

This is the stage where children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection.

A

STAGE 1: INFANCY

42
Q

This is the stage where toddlers start to develop a greater sense of self- control and have the independence to learn new things by themselves.

A

STAGE 2: EARLY CHILDHOOD

43
Q

This is the stage where children become more assertive of their actions and have the chance to make their own decisions.

A

STAGE 3: PLAY AGE

44
Q

Children begin to develop pride in having accomplishments and require encouragement from teachers and parents.

A

STAGE 4: SCHOOL AGE

45
Q

This is the stage where teenagers start to explore their independence to develop a sense of self.

A

STAGE 5: ADOLESCENCE

46
Q

Young adults in this stage are motivated to form
intimate relationships and explore personal relationships.

A

STAGE 6: EARLY ADULTHOOD

47
Q

Middle-aged individuals attempt to build or nurture something that will last, frequently by raising children or encouraging beneficial social chang

A

STAGE 7: MIDDLE AGE

48
Q

What stage in the psychosocial development?

They reflect on their achievements in their lives and are ready to meet their end with a sense of peace.

A

STAGE 8: MIDDLE AGE

49
Q

Age where infants develop reflex

A

Stage 1: Sensorimotor

50
Q

Object permanence

A

Stage 1: Sensorimotor

51
Q

In this stage, children think symbolically because
they have an active imagination.

A

Stage 2: peooperational

52
Q

treating inanimate objects as living ones

A

Animism

53
Q

Stage where animism occurs

A

Stage 2: preoperational

54
Q

During this stage, children’s thoughts are typically
egocentric as they are unable to take the point of view of other people.

A

Stage 2: preoperational

55
Q

Children in this stage often gain a better
understanding of mental operations and also
recognize cause-and-effect relationships

A

Stage 3: concrete operational

56
Q

Reasoning during this stage tends to be inductive

A

Stage 3: concrete operational

57
Q

General to specific reasoning

A

Inductive reasoning

58
Q

Specific to general reasoning

A

Deductive reasoning

59
Q

This stage is characterized by a young person’s
ability to think abstractly

A

Stage 4: formal operational

60
Q

Systematic planning occur at this stage

A

Stage 4: formal operational

61
Q

This is the theory of moral development by Lawrence
Kohlberg

A

KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT

62
Q

This theory examines how people’s capacities for moral thinking and ethical decision-making change throughout the course of a person’s development.

A

KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT

63
Q

referred to as the “Obedience and Punishment Orientation” and is a part of the Preconventional Level of moral thinking.

A

STAGE 1: PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL

64
Q

At this point, people base their moral decisions primarily on avoiding punishment and pursuing rewards, which are the most fundamental and elementary components of morality.

A

STAGE 1: PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL

65
Q

At this level, people start to think about their own interests and the notion of reciprocity in moral decision-making, moving beyond the basic submission to authority observed in level 1.

A

STAGE 2: PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL

66
Q

referred to as the “Individualism and Exchange Orientation,” and it often appears in late infancy and early adolescence.

A

STAGE 2: PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL

67
Q

referred to as the “Good Interpersonal Relationships” stage.

A

STAGE 3: CONVENTIONAL LEVEL

68
Q

people begin to place a higher premium on upholding healthy social relationships and following societal norms and expectations rather than self-interest and external regulations as their moral focus.

A

STAGE 3: CONVENTIONAL LEVEL

69
Q

known as the “Law and Order Orientation.”

A

STAGE 4: CONVENTIONAL LEVEL

70
Q

In this stage, individuals base their moral reasoning on societal rules, laws, and authority figures.

A

STAGE 4: CONVENTIONAL LEVEL

71
Q

known as “Social Contract Orientation.” ; This stage represents a significant shift from conventional morality, where individuals primarily rely on external rules and authority figures to make moral decisions.

A

STAGE 5: POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL

72
Q

This final stage of moral reasoning is known as the “Universal Ethical Principles”stage.

A

STAGE 6: POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL

73
Q

This stage is the highest level of moral development and represents a post-conventional level of moral reasoning

A

STAGE 5: POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL

74
Q

Pioneered interpersonal development theory

A

Harry stack-sullivan

75
Q

He believed that anxiety and other psychiatric
disorders resulted from fundamental conflicts between individuals in their human surroundings, and that their personality development was shaped by a series of interactions with other people.

A

Harry stack-sullivan

76
Q

He made significant contributions to clinical psychiatry, in particular schizophrenia psychotherapy, and claimed that, while schizophrenics’ mental capacities are reduced, they are not irreversibly lost and can be regained via therapy.

A

Harry stack-sullivan

77
Q

places a major emphasis on how culture, social development, and interpersonal connections all contribute to personality development.

A

Interpersonal theory of psychiatry

78
Q

Sullivan concentrated on __________ as a result of poor social connections. He thought that, via the integration of the ‘self-system’ view, humans came to personify themselves.

A

Anxiety

79
Q

a group of experiences used to prevent anxiety

A

Self system

80
Q

7 developmental stages of interpersonal theory

A

Stage 1: infancy
Stage 2: childhood
Stage 3: juvenile era
Stage 4: preadolescence
Stage 5: early adolescence
Stage 6: late adolescence
Stage 7: adulthood

81
Q

The main characteristic of this stage is the gratification needs

A

Stage 1: infancy

82
Q

Parents are seen as the focal point of acceptance
and commendation

A

Stage 2: childhood

83
Q

Characterized by the formation of a peer group

A

Stage 3: juvenile era

84
Q

This interest is a more focused connection to select
people who end up being their close friends.

A

Stage 4: preadolescence

85
Q

From constantly seeking peers the child will start
developing their own sexual expression

A

Stage 5: early adolescence

86
Q

The final stage is distinguished by the creation of
long-term, close connections.

A

Stage 6: later adolescence

87
Q

Adulthood struggles financial security, career, and
family

A

Stage 7: adulthood

88
Q

What is the theory that places a major emphasis on how culture, social development, and interpersonal connections all contribute to personality development.

A

Harry Stack Sullivan’s interpersonal theory

89
Q

What are the SIX DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES of Harry Stack Sullivan’s interpersonal theory?

A

STAGE 1: INFANCY STAGE 1: INFANCY
STAGE 2: CHILDHOOD
STAGE 3: THE JUVENILE ERA
STAGE 4: PREADOLESCENCE
STAGE 5: EARLY ADOLESCENCE
STAGE 6: LATE ADOLESCENCE
STAGE 7: ADULTHOOD

90
Q

Takes place from birth to 18 months ; The main characteristic of this stage is the gratification needs

A

STAGE 1: INFANCY

91
Q

Occurs from 18 months to 6 years of age; Parents are seen as the focal point of acceptance and commendation

A

STAGE 2: CHILDHOOD

92
Q

Occurs between 6 to 9 years of age; Characterized by the formation of a peer group

A

STAGE 3: THE JUVENILE ERA

93
Q

This interest is a more focused connection to select people who end up being their close friends.

A

STAGE 4: PREADOLESCENCE

94
Q

Rely their self worth on other people, with the basis of whether or not they are attractive and accepted
by the opposite sex

A

STAGE 5: EARLY ADOLESCENCE

95
Q

Acquires the capability to form lasting, and intimate relationships

A

STAGE 6: LATE ADOLESCENCE

96
Q

Adulthood struggles financial security, career, and family; Relationships and socializing are much easier for adults

A

STAGE 7: ADULTHOOD

REVIEWERS (8 decks)

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