Skeletal system Flashcards
what parts are included in the skeletal system?
bones
joints
cartilages
ligaments
what are the two subdivisions of the skeletal system?
axial - bones around body axis, e.g. skull bones, hyoid, ribs, sternum, vertebrae.
appendicular - bones of upper and lower limbs plus shoulder and hip bones that connect them e.g. collar bone (clavicle)
what are the functions of the bones?
- support of the body
- protection of the soft organs
- assistance in movement
-mineral homeostasis
-blood cell production
-triglyceride storage
what are the two basic components of bone tissue?
compact bone tissue:
- contains few spaces and is arranged in repeating structural units called osteons or haversian systems.
spongy bone tissue
- formed of trabeculae bone tissue and does not contain osteons.
what is an osteon? (haversian system)
a unit of bone
what is the central (haversion) canal
carries blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels
what is the perforating (volkmans) canal?
- canal perpendicular to the central canal
-carries blood vessels and nerves.
what are the classifications of bones?
long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
characteristics of long Bones
long
shaft with heads at both ends
contain mostly compact bone, e.g. femur, humerus.
characteristics of short bones
-generally cube shape
-contain mostly spongy bone
e.g. carpals, tarsals.
characteristics of flat bones
thin and flattened, usually curved.
thin layers of compact bone around a lyer of spongy bone
e.g. sternum (breastbone)
characteristics of irregular bones
irregular
do not fit into other bone classifications
e.g. vertebrae
