Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PH112 > Cellular respiration > Flashcards

Cellular respiration Flashcards

1
Q

basic components food is digested into

A

fats/lipids
carbohydrates
amino acids
vitamins and minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what type of biomolecules are made from basic components from digested food

A

proteins
lipids fats
complex sugars
dna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what can biomolecules undergo?

A

metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

metabolism

A

the chemical process that occur to maintain living systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

basic glucose process

A

generous amount of starch and smaller amount of glycogen consumed from diet
these complex carbs are converted into simpler carbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why are complex carbs converted into simpler carbohydrates?

A

easier absorption from intestine and easier transportation into the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what types of fuel do red blood cells need?

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

storage of glucose

A

glycogen and starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

structural of glucose

A

cellulose in plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

energy of glucose

A

glucose is the principle provider of cellular energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why does the glucose go under catabolism?

A

produce atp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

catabolism

A

the breakdown of compounds into simpler molecules.
catabolism releases energy and provides smaller building blocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

anabolism

A

building a more complicated molecule from smaller units
this process requires energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in cellular respiration during breaking bonds and moving electrons, what do the electrons carry and what are they used to make?

A

energy
used to make ATP (adenosine tri pHOSPHATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

glucose atp equation

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

oxidation of cellular respiration

A

adding O
removing H
loss of electrons
this process releases energy making it exergonic

17
Q

reduction of cellular respiration

A

removing O
adding H
gain of electrons
stores energy so is known as endergonic

18
Q

oxidation and reduction process of glucose (redox action)

A
19
Q

how do electrons move in biology?

A

electrons can only move as part if a hydrogen atom
move hydrogen atom = moving electron

20
Q

what is produced during the breakdown of glucose?

A

high energy electrons

21
Q

what are the most efficient electron carriers that carry electrons and donate them to their target molecules.

A

NAD - nicotinamide adenine dunculeotide
FAD - Falvin Adenine Dinucleotide

22
Q

why is oxygen very good at accepting electrons?

A

to form water as an end product of respiration

23
Q

description of NAD+

A

coenzyme which regulates the activity of the enzyme it is bound to
NAD+ is the oxidised form

24
Q

where is NAD+ derived from?

A

vitamin nicitonic acid/niacin

25
Q

what can NAD+ accept?

A

two electrons
two hydrogen
atoms can be reduced to NADH
one hydrogen is transferred as a hydride ion: H- and the second liberated in solution.

26
Q

can co enzymes move around the body?

A

yes

27
Q

example of NADH production (krebs cycle)

A
28
Q

what is FAD

A

cofactor which binds strongly to an enzyme

29
Q

where is FAD synthesized from?

A

vitamin B2 or riboflavin

30
Q

what form is FAD?

A

oxidised form

31
Q

what can FAD accept?

A

two hydrogens and two electrons to be reduced to FADH2

32
Q

FADH2 production (krebs cycle)

A
33
Q

how does ATP provide energy?

A

through hydrolysis.

34
Q

how does hydrolysis help atp release energy?

A

ATP is structurally unstable due to the repulsion between ionized oxygen atoms which are all close in proximity.
hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate group (third phosphate group of ATP is lost) stabilizes ATP and this process releases energy which is then known as ADP.

35
Q

why is ∆G° minus for the hydrolysis of ATP

A

as it releases energy
the reactant has more energy than the product
product is more stable
this is a favorable reaction
∆G° = -30.5kJ mol-1

36
Q

ATPADPAMP
PHA112 Cellular RespirationSlide 17 of 38

A
37
Q

what are the 4 key stages to complete oxidation for glucose?

A

1.) glycolysis
2.) pyruvate processing (connects glycolysis to next stage)
3.) citric acid cycle (aka krebs cycle)
4.) electronic transport chain

38
Q

how does glycolysis take place?

A

-uses glucose from our diet as a starting material
-glucose is converted to pyruvate (chemical)
this has 10 chemical reactions all controlled by enzymes
the final product is passed on to the next stage of respiration.

39
Q

what are the two major steps of glycolysis?

A

stage 1 - preparation stage. requires energy to proceed and requires ATP.
stage 2 - cyclic rings are converted to smaller 3-carbon products which provide products for the next step of metabolism - pyruvate
ATP is harvested back during this stage

PH112 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions