Skeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

Outline some of the basic functions of the skeletal system

A

protects internal organs, stores and releases fat, produces red blood cells, stores and releases minerals, facilitates mvmt, support the body

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2
Q

outline the divisions of the skeletal system

A

Axial- longtiudinal axis ( vertical line), forms the ‘trunk’
Appendicular- upper & lower extremities ( appendages), girdles that connect limbs to axial skeleton

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3
Q

Outline the types of bones

A

Long bone- greater length than width, layers of cartilage to assist with shock absorption
Articulations/ joints- points of contact between bones, crucial for movement

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4
Q

Outline the macrostructures of bones

A

Medullary Cavity- home to marrow/blood vessels, reduce weight of bone
Periosteum- contains bone cells= allows bone to grow in thickness
Articular Cartilage- reduces friction & absorb shock

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5
Q

what are the 2 types of bone tissue

A

Cortical
Trabecular

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6
Q

what are the features of the cortical bone

A

Strongest bone tissue, compact structural units= osteons, high stress, few directions

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7
Q

what are the features of the trabecular bone

A

small needle-like pierce of bone, forms core of epiphyses, areas of low stress, but many directions

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8
Q

Outline the features of microstructure of bone tissue

A

Bone matrix:
organic ( 40%)- collagen & protein growth factors
inorganic - mineral salts- mainly calcium & phosphate ions

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9
Q

what is the only cell that divides

A

Osteogenic

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10
Q

what are osteoblast and osteocyte

A

osteoblast- build bone tissue, initiate calcification,
Osteocyte- mature bone cell, main cell of bone tissue, assists with daily metabolic activities of bone

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11
Q

what are osteoclast

A

remove bone tissue, releases enzymes and acids, digest protein & mineral components

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12
Q

What is bone modeling and its importance

A

formation of new bone
remodeling- cycling of resorption and formation
Repair microdamage, adapt to mechanical loading, maintain blood calcium homeostasis

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