Respiratory System Flashcards
what are the main goals of the respiratory system
supply cells with O2 required metabolism
eliminate CO2 produced during metabolism
Regulating pH
Define pulmonary ventilation and respiration
Pulmonary ventilation- movement of air in and out of the lungs
Respiration- exchange of gases between alveoli and capillaries
outline the 3 main steps of respiration
Pulmonary Ventilation ( breathing)- includes inhalation, and exhalation of air between the lungs and atmosphere
External pulmonary respiration- gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries in the lungs
Internal tissue respiration- gas exchange between blood in the systemic capillaries and tissue cells
what is the respiratory system
network of organs and tissues involved in gas exchange
upper respiratory system- nose, mouth, nasal cavity and pharynx
Lower Respiratory system- larynx, trachea and bronchi
Define conducing zone and the respiratory zone
Conducting zone ( Nose, mouth, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles)
Acts to provide a means of transport for air
Respiratory zone ( respiratory bronchioles, alveoli)
Main site of gas exchange between air and blood
Outline the features of the lungs
Bronchi- separate branches of the trachea, provides air supply to each lung
Bronchioles- subdivision of the bronchi, conduct air towards alveoli
Alveoli- elastic, thin walled membrane sacs, crucial surface for gas exchange
Define lungs
situated in thoracic cavity within ribcage
encased by 2 pleural membranes ( visceral and parietal)
Help lungs adhere to ribcage. Pleural fluid prevents friction between membranes
Inspiratory Muscle features?
External and Internal intercostals
Diaphragm
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
Expiratory muscle features
Internal intercostals, external abdominal oblique,internal abdominal oblique, transverse abdomis, rectus abdomins
Define both minute ventilation and tidal volume
MV- total amount of air per unit of time, avg. rest= 10L per min, exercise- 160-180 L per min
V= Tidal Volume x Breathing Frequency
TV- volume of air per breath
TV= Minute ventillation/ breathing frequency
Define alveolar ventilation and anatomical dead space
Alveolar Ventilation- 70% of tidal volume at rest will reach the respiratory zone for gas exchange
Anatomical Dead Space- Remainder stays in the conducting airways ( does not participate in gas exchange)
Outline the process of ventilation mechanics
When we breathe, contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles acts to change the volume of the thoracic cavity
Pleural membranes attach the lungs to the thoracic walls so the lungs expand and contract in accordance with the TC
State Boyle’s Law
pressure of a gas is inversely related to the volume ( at a constant temperature)
Define bulk flow
Air moves from high to low pressure
what are the steps for ventilation mechanics
Contraction & relaxation of respiratory muscles, change in thoracic cavity & lung volume, change in intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressure, mvmt of air
