Skeletal System

Question 1

function

Answer 1

support against gravity
leverage for muscle action (long bones)
protection of soft internal organs (flat bones)
storage eg calcium, phosphorus
blood cell production

Question 2

cranium

Answer 2

protection of brain
parietal bone- sides, top
frontal bone- forehead
temporal bone- sides + base,
occipital bone- back + foramon magnum- connects to spinal cord
sphenoid bone- bridge/ junction between cranial and facial bones
ethmoid bone- nasal septum

Question 3

facial bones- functions

Answer 3

supporting cavities (eyes,mouth) and sense organs
attachment of muscles/ structures for mastication (chewing), speech and facial expression
protection

Question 4

facial bones

Answer 4

maxillary bones- articulate with other facial bones, contain maxillary sinuses which produce mucus
zygomatic bones- articulate with temporal bones, on either side of the face (cheek)
mandible- lower jaw, only bone on the face that si freely moveable
nasal bones; nasal septum- separates left and right side of the nose, nasal conchae- slow airlfow and deflect air into sense receptors

Question 5

skull growth

Answer 5

at birth cranial bones are connected by fontanelles (cartilage)
are flexible so that the skull can be distorted without damage
fontanelles fuse around age 1-2 allowing bones to grow

Question 6

vertebral column (spine)

Answer 6

consists of 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae
coccyx- tailbone
sacrum-

Question 7

vertebral anatomy

Answer 7

consists of:
body- weightbearing, articulates with bodies above and below, separated by intervertebral discs
arch- surrounds vertebral foramen so protects spinal cord, supports transverse and spinous process
spinous process- muscle attachment, leverage for rotation of spine
transverse process- out to the side, muscle attachment
articular process-(articular facets) articulates with vertebrae above and below
can be cervival, thoracic or lumbar

Question 8

sacrum and coccyx

Answer 8

sacrum- fused parts of 5 sacral vertebrae, protects reproductive, digestive and excretory organs
coccyx- provides an attachment for the muscle that closes the anal opening

Question 9

thoracic cage

Answer 9

chest skeleton- thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum
protects the organs- lungs and heart
allows expansion and contraction for ventilation

Question 10

ribs

Answer 10

curved flat bone
head articulates with vertebral body
costal cartilages articulate with sternum
7 pairs of true ribs- connected to sternum by cartilage
5 pairs of false ribs- don’t attach directly to sternum
provide attachment sites for muscles of pectoral girdle

Question 11

cervical vertebrae

Answer 11

C1 to C7
found in neck
oval body
transverse foramina
split spinous process

Question 12

lumbar vertebrae

Answer 12

L1 to L5
carry most weight
blade like transverse process
largest body

Question 13

ribs function

Answer 13

provides protection for thoracic cavity- heart and lungs
allows expansion and contraction for ventilation