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ZOOT 1100 Prelims > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q
  • collagen and polysaccharides called glycosaminoglycans, which contain chondroitin sulfate.
  • It give resilience and toughness to bones.
A

1/3 - organic framework of fibrous tissue and cells.

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2
Q
  • largely calcium and phosphorus salts
  • give hardness and rigidity to bone
A

2/3 - inorganic component

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3
Q

dense or cortical; the hard layer that constitutes the exterior of most bones and forms almost the entire shaft of long bones

A

Compact bone

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4
Q

spongy; composed of spicules arranged to form a porous network; the spaces are usually filled with marrow

A

Cancellous bone

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5
Q

the space surrounded by the cortex of a long bone

A

Medullary cavity (marrow cavity)

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6
Q

refers to either end of a long bone

A

Epiphysis

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7
Q

the cylindrical shaft of a long bone between the two epiphyses

A

Diaphysis

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8
Q

is the flared area adjacent to the epiphysis

A

Metaphysis

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9
Q

a layer of hyaline cartilage within the metaphysis of an immature bone that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis. Area where a bone can increase in length

A

Epiphyseal cartilage or disk (physis)

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10
Q

a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular (joint) surface of a bone

A

Articular cartilage

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11
Q

a fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone except where articular cartilage is located

A

Periosteum

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12
Q

bone-producing cells

A

Osteoblasts

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13
Q

is a fibrous membrane that lines the marrow cavity

A

Endosteum

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14
Q

bone-destroying cells

A

Osteoclasts

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15
Q

are greater in one dimension than any other; function chiefly as levers and aid in support, locomotion, and prehension.

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Long bones

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16
Q

are cuboid, or approximately equal in all dimensions; interior is composed of spongy bone filled with marrow spaces; absorb concussion, and they are found in complex joints.

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Short bones

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17
Q

are relatively thin and expanded in two dimensions; diploe (spongy material that separates lamina externa from interna); chiefly for protection of vital organs.

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Flat bones

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18
Q

are so called because of their fancied resemblance to a sesame seed; reduce friction, increase leverage, or change the direction of pull.

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Sesamoid bones

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19
Q

contain air spaces or sinuses that communicate with the atmosphere.

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Pneumatic bones

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20
Q

are unpaired bones on the median plane; unpaired bones; protection, support, and muscular attachment

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Irregular bones

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21
Q
  • Cylinder-like shape, longer than it is wide
  • Leverage

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Long bones

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22
Q
  • Femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, phalanges

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Long bones

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23
Q
  • Cube-like shape, approximately equal in length, width, and thickness
  • Provide stability, support, while allowing for some motion

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Short bones

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24
Q
  • Carpals, tarsals

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Short bones

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25
Q
  • Thin and curved
  • Points of attachment for muscles; protectors of internal organs

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Flat bones

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26
Q
  • Sternum, ribs, scapulae, cranial bones

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Flat bones

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27
Q
  • Complex shape
  • Protect internal organs

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Irregular bones

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28
Q
  • Vertebrae, facial bones

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Irregular bones

29
Q
  • Small and round; embedded in tendons
  • Protect tendons from compressive forces

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Sesamoid bones

30
Q
  • Patellae

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Sesamoid bones

31
Q

caudal and dorsal walls - occipital, parietal, interparietal, and frontal bones; lateral and ventral walls – temporal and sphenoid bones; rostral wall – ethmoid bone

Axial Skeleton – Cranial part of the Skull

A

Cranium

32
Q

has cornual process (bony projections), except polled animals

Axial Skeleton – Cranial part of the Skull

A

Frontal bone

33
Q

contain the middle and inner ears

Axial Skeleton – Cranial part of the Skull

A

Temporal bones

34
Q

supports the brain and pituitary gland

Axial Skeleton – Cranial part of the Skull

A

Sphenoid bone

35
Q

presents numerous openings for passage of the olfactory nerves (sense of smell)

Axial Skeleton – Cranial part of the Skull

A

Ethmoid bone

36
Q

denotes the bony socket that protects the eye; surrounded by portions of the frontal, lacrimal, and zygomatic bones

Axial Skeleton – Facial part of the Skull

A

Orbit

37
Q

bounded dorsally by the nasal bones, laterally by the maxillae and incisive bones, and ventrally by the palatine processes of the maxillae, incisive, and palatine bones;

Axial Skeleton – Facial part of the Skull

A

Nasal

38
Q

separates the nasal passages

Axial Skeleton – Facial part of the Skull

A

vomer bone

39
Q

scroll like; projects into the nasal passage

Axial Skeleton – Facial part of the Skull

A

conchae (turbinate bone)

40
Q

roofed by the maxillae and incisive bones and by the palatine bone; ventrolaterally - the mandible

Axial Skeleton – Facial part of the Skull

A

Oral

41
Q

contain the teeth of the upper dental arcade (although the incisive bones lack teeth in ruminants)

Axial Skeleton – Facial part of the Skull

A

maxillae and incisive bones

42
Q

contains all of the lower teeth and gives attachment to some of the muscles associated with chewing and swallowing

Axial Skeleton – Facial part of the Skull

A

mandible

43
Q

have well-developed articular processes to accommodate the large range of motion of the neck

Axial Skeleton – Vertebrae

A

Cervical vertebrae

44
Q

is the first cervical vertebra

Axial Skeleton – Vertebrae

A

atlas

45
Q

is the second cervical vertebra

Axial Skeleton – Vertebrae

A

axis

46
Q

are characterized by well-developed spinous processes and articular facets for the ribs

Axial Skeleton – Vertebrae

A

Thoracic vertebrae

47
Q

have large, flat transverse processes that project laterad

Axial Skeleton – Vertebrae

A

Lumbar vertebrae

48
Q

are fused to form a single wedge-shaped bone, the sacrum

Axial Skeleton – Vertebrae

A

Sacral vertebrae

49
Q

form the bony basis for the tail

Axial Skeleton – Vertebrae

A

Caudal vertebrae

50
Q

forms the ventrum of the bony thorax and gives attachment to the costal cartilages of the ribs as well as providing a bony origin for the pectoral muscles

Axial Skeleton – Sternum and Ribs

A

Sternum

51
Q

Cranial extremity of the sternum

Axial Skeleton – Sternum and Ribs

A

manubrium

52
Q

the middle portion

Axial Skeleton – Sternum and Ribs

A

body

53
Q

caudal extremity

Axial Skeleton – Sternum and Ribs

A

xiphoid process

54
Q

form the lateral walls of the bony thorax.

Axial Skeleton – Sternum and Ribs

A

Ribs

55
Q

in all animals is a relatively flat triangular bone; birds and primates have clavicle (collarbone)

Appendicular Skeleton – Thoracic Limbs

A

Scapula (shoulder blade)

56
Q

(arm bone)

Appendicular Skeleton – Thoracic Limbs

A

Humerus

57
Q

in mammals, the radius is the larger of the two, although in birds it is smaller than the ulna; fused in equine and bovine, not fused in dogs and cats

Appendicular Skeleton – Thoracic Limbs

A

Radius and ulna

58
Q

composed of two rows of small bones

Appendicular Skeleton – Thoracic Limbs

A

Carpus

59
Q

is immediately distal to the carpus; single large bone in horse, while fused 3rd and 4th metacarpal bon in ox and sheep and called cannon bone; pig has 4

Appendicular Skeleton – Thoracic Limbs

A

Metacarpus

60
Q

depending on the species; In the horse, the proximal phalanx is also called the long pastern bone; the middle phalanx corresponds to the short pastern bone; and distal phalanx is also known as the coffin bone

Appendicular Skeleton – Thoracic Limbs

A

Digits number 1 to 5

61
Q

consists of a circle of bones comprises three bones (ilium, the ischium, and the pubis) which are fused to form the os coxae

Appendicular Skeleton – Pelvic Limbs

A

Pelvis

62
Q

extends from the coxofemoral (hip) joint to the stifle (the joint corresponding to the human knee)

Appendicular Skeleton – Pelvic Limbs

A

Femur (thigh bone)

63
Q

are the bones of the true leg (crus)

Appendicular Skeleton – Pelvic Limbs

A

Tibia and fibula

64
Q

composed of multiple small bones; it corresponds to the human ankle

Appendicular Skeleton – Pelvic Limbs

A

Tarsus (hock)

65
Q

the pelvic limb are similar to the metacarpus and digits of the thoracic limb

Appendicular Skeleton – Pelvic Limbs

A

Metatarsus and digits

66
Q

rostral bone in swine, the soft tissue of the external nares

Visceral Skeleton

A

Os rostri

67
Q

cardiac skeleton in bovine; around the origin of the aorta and pulmonary artery at the base of the heart

Visceral Skeleton

A

Os cordis –

68
Q

penile bone (baculum or os priapi) in the canine family, also in gorilla and chimpanzee; located above the male urethra, and it aids sexual reproduction by maintaining sufficient stiffness during sexual penetration.

Visceral Skeleton

A

Os penis

69
Q
  • Cylinder-like shape, longer than it is wide
  • Leverage

Classification of Bones (Gross Appearance)

A

Long bones

ZOOT 1100 Prelims (7 decks)

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