Integumentary System Flashcards
consists of layers of dead, flattened cells
Stratum corneum
layer of mitotically active cuboidal or columnar cells
Stratum basale
is a tiny bundle of smooth muscle fibers that extends from the deep portion of the hair follicle at an angle toward the epidermis
Arrector pili muscle
Epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage.
Feather
consists of spindle-shaped cells containing basophilic kerato-hyalin granules (keratinocytes).
Stratum granulosum
Hornlike growths on the medial sides of horses’ limbs
Chestnuts
Small projections of cornified epithelium in the center of the palmar (plantar) part of the fetlock of the horse
Ergots
consists primarily of loose connective tissue and lobules of fat; contains larger blood vessels and nerves than those found in the dermis.
Hypodermis
the drying and hardening of the superficial cells; renders the surface of the skin tough and resistant to drying.
In epidermis
Keratinization and cornification
long stiff hairs with specialized innervation that renders them effective as organs of touch
Type of hair
Tactile hairs
variably present, comprises cells that are poorly stainable
Stratum lucidum
primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain; contains mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors; contains hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands (oil glands), apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels, nerves and blood vessels
Dermis
Formed over the cornual process, a bony core that projects from the frontal bone of the skull soft type of horn, covers the surface of the horn at the base.
epikeras
Accessory digits, Do not bear weight and as a rule have little clinical significance.
Dewclaws
Fleshy growth or crest on the top of the head of gallinaceous birds, such as turkeys, pheasants, and domestic chickens fleshy caruncle hanging from various parts of the head or neck in several groups of birds and mammals.
Comb and Wattle
the outer layer of skin, is an avascular stratified squamous epithelium that is nearly free of nerve endings.
Epidermis
the dermis of hoofs and horns
Corium
modification of the epidermis
Hair follicle
External anatomical structure of birds that is used for eating and for preening, manipulating objects, killing prey, fighting, probing for food, courtship and feeding young.
Beak
are classified as holocrine glands because their oily secretory product, sebum, is produced by disintegration of epithelial cells within the glands.
Sebaceous glands
also called the undercoat, which are fine and often curly
Type of hair
Wool hairs
surrounds the internal root sheath, is continuous with the epidermis, and gives rise to the sebaceous glands that are associated with hair follicles.
External epithelial root sheath
which form the smooth outer coat
Type of hair
Guard hairs
intimately covers the root of the hair and is continuous with the epithelial cells covering the dermal papilla.
Internal epithelial root sheath
thin, waxy layer that covers the outside of the hoof
Periople
at its center, surrounded by a scaly cortex, outside of which is a thin cuticle.
Medulla
has a spiny appearance because of its desmosomes (intercellular bridges) connecting adjacent cells.
Stratum spinosum
the connection between hoof wall and corium is characterized by interdigitating sheets of hoof wall and corium
Laminae
Variable amounts of fat, are present in the hypodermis, with species dependent distribution and relative abundance.
In hypodermis
panniculus adiposus
An erectile, fleshy protuberance on the forehead of turkeys
Snood
is a local increase in thickness in response to continuous trauma.
In epidermis
Callus
base of the follicle where living cells divide and grow to build the shaft.
Hair bulb
Part of the hoof in contact with the ground
Sole
Part of the hoof in contact with the ground
Sole
Deep to the bulb of the hoof is a shock-absorbing modification of the subcutis
Digital Cushion
proximal to the carpus
Front chestnuts
slightly distal to the hocks
Hind chestnuts
