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ZOOT 1100 Prelims > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

vascular fluid is enclosed within the blood vessels

A

Closed circulation

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2
Q

fluid directly bath the tissues

A

Open circulation

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3
Q

circulation to the lungs

A

Pulmonary circulation

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4
Q

circulation to the rest of the body

A

Systemic circulation

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5
Q

Transported in the Blood

R, N, WP, SBC, H, H

A
  • Respiratory gases – O2 and CO2
  • Nutrients
  • Waste products
  • Specialized blood cells
  • Hormones
  • Heat
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6
Q
  • Erythrocytes
  • Most numerous cells in the blood
  • Non-nucleated biconcave disc-shaped cells

Blood – Cellular Components

A

Red Blood Cells

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7
Q
  • Leukocytes
  • Generally, account for only 1% of the blood volume

Blood – Cellular Components

A

White Blood Cells

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8
Q
  • neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Blood – Cellular Components

A

Granulocytes

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9
Q
  • monocytes and lymphocytes

Blood – Cellular Components

A

Agranulocytes

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10
Q
  • account for 50–70% of WBCs
  • since the nucleus consists of three to six lobes, these cells are often called polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Blood - White Blood Cells

A

Neutrophils

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11
Q
  • account for 2–4% of all leukocytes.
  • large, uniformly sized granules that stain red orange with acidic dyes.
  • tend to increase in number during allergic and parasitic condition.

Blood - White Blood Cells

A

Eosinophils

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12
Q
  • account for only 0.5–1.0% of leukocytes
  • slightly smaller than neutrophils, they contain granules that stain purplish-black in the presence of basic dyes.

Blood - White Blood Cells

A

Basophils

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13
Q
  • account for 3–8% of leukocytes.
  • They contain a kidney- or horseshoe-shaped nucleus.
  • After leaving the bloodstream, it become macrophages.

Blood - White Blood Cells

A

Monocytes

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14
Q
  • account for 25% of the WBCs
  • Contain a large, dark-purple-staining nucleus.
  • Produces antibodies, neutralizes or fixes toxins

Blood - White Blood Cells

A

Lymphocytes

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15
Q
  • Thrombocytes
  • Smallest of the formed elements
  • Responsible for blood clotting

Blood - White Blood Cells

A

Platelets

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16
Q

RBCs are reduced in number or hemoglobin content

Blood - Terminologies

A

Anemia

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17
Q

Excessive RBCs are found in the circulating blood

Blood - Terminologies

A

Polycythemia

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18
Q

decrease in the number of WBCs

Blood - Terminologies

A

Leucopenia

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19
Q

increase in the number of WBCs

Blood - Terminologies

A

Leukocytosis

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20
Q

blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery.

Blood - Terminologies

A

Thrombus

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21
Q

a clot that is circulating in blood.

Blood - Terminologies

A

Embolus

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22
Q

a cone-shaped hollow muscular structure

A

Heart

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23
Q

directed dorsad or cranio-dorsad and is attached to other thoracic structures by large arteries, veins, and the pericardial sac

24
Q

directed ventrad and is entirely free within the pericardial sac

25
Serous membrane that partially surrounds the heart. Fixes the heart to the mediastinum, gives protection against infection and provides the lubrication for the heart.
Pericardium
26
Superficial fibrous layer (fibrous pericardium)
Parietal pericardium
27
epicardium
Visceralpericardium
28
Visceral pericardium (epicardium) & Parietal pericardium form this, and contains pericardial fluid
Pericardial space
29
Outer serous covering | Heart - Layers
Epicardium
30
Thick muscular layer and form ventricular septum. | Heart - Layers
Myocardium
31
Separate two ventricles | Heart - Layers
Ventricular septum
32
Inner endothelial lining | Heart - Layers
Endocardium
33
Receives blood | Heart - Chambers
Atrium (right and left)
34
Pumps blood | Heart - Chambers
Ventricle (right and left)
35
are thin-walled chambers, each of which features an appendage called an auricle. | Heart - Chambers
Atria
36
- Right - Tricuspid valve - Left - Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve) | Heart - Valves
Atrioventricular Valve (AV valve)
37
- Aortic valve - Pulmonary valve | Heart - Valves
Semilunar valve
38
separates the atrium and pulmonary artery | Heart - Valves
Pulmonary valve
39
separates the atrium and the aorta | Heart - Valves
Aortic valve
40
- caudal and cranial | Heart – Great Vessels & Vena cava
Pulmonary arteries
41
- right and left | Heart – Great Vessels & Vena cava
Pulmonary veins & Aorta
42
are tubular structures that carry blood away from the heart. | Vessels
Arteries and arterioles
43
are tiny tubes composed almost entirely of endothelium, a continuation of the simple squamous epithelium that lines the heart and blood vessels. | Vessels
Capillaries
44
merge into larger and larger veins. | Vessels
Venules
45
are larger in diameter than the arteries they parallel and have much thinner walls. | Vessels
Veins
46
is typically quite low. Contraction of skeletal muscles in the limbs and trunk squeezes the thin-walled veins, assisting the flow of venous blood back toward the heart. | Vessels
Venous blood pressure
47
usually consisting of two cusps each, are scattered at irregular intervals throughout the venous and lymphatic systems. | Vessels
Valves
48
refers to the relaxation of a chamber of the heart just prior to and during the filling of the chamber. | Cardiac Cycle
Diastole
49
refers to the contraction of a chamber of the heart that drives blood out of the chamber. | Cardiac Cycle
Systole
50
first sound or S1, marks beginning of systole | Heart Sounds
Lub
51
second sound or S2, marks beginning of diastole | Heart Sounds
Dub
52
associated with the rapid ventricular filling phase after the initial opening of the A-V valves. | Heart Sounds
Third sound
53
associated with atrial contraction. | Heart Sounds
Fourth sound
54
abnormally slow heartbeat. | Heart – Terminologies
Bradycardia
55
abnormally rapid heartbeat. | Heart – Terminologies
Tachycardia
56
No heartbeat. | Heart – Terminologies
Arrhythmia

ZOOT 1100 Prelims (7 decks)

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