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ZOOT 1100 Prelims > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

vascular fluid is enclosed within the blood vessels

A

Closed circulation

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2
Q

fluid directly bath the tissues

A

Open circulation

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3
Q

circulation to the lungs

A

Pulmonary circulation

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4
Q

circulation to the rest of the body

A

Systemic circulation

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5
Q

Transported in the Blood

R, N, WP, SBC, H, H

A
  • Respiratory gases – O2 and CO2
  • Nutrients
  • Waste products
  • Specialized blood cells
  • Hormones
  • Heat
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6
Q
  • Erythrocytes
  • Most numerous cells in the blood
  • Non-nucleated biconcave disc-shaped cells

Blood – Cellular Components

A

Red Blood Cells

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7
Q
  • Leukocytes
  • Generally, account for only 1% of the blood volume

Blood – Cellular Components

A

White Blood Cells

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8
Q
  • neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Blood – Cellular Components

A

Granulocytes

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9
Q
  • monocytes and lymphocytes

Blood – Cellular Components

A

Agranulocytes

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10
Q
  • account for 50–70% of WBCs
  • since the nucleus consists of three to six lobes, these cells are often called polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Blood - White Blood Cells

A

Neutrophils

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11
Q
  • account for 2–4% of all leukocytes.
  • large, uniformly sized granules that stain red orange with acidic dyes.
  • tend to increase in number during allergic and parasitic condition.

Blood - White Blood Cells

A

Eosinophils

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12
Q
  • account for only 0.5–1.0% of leukocytes
  • slightly smaller than neutrophils, they contain granules that stain purplish-black in the presence of basic dyes.

Blood - White Blood Cells

A

Basophils

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13
Q
  • account for 3–8% of leukocytes.
  • They contain a kidney- or horseshoe-shaped nucleus.
  • After leaving the bloodstream, it become macrophages.

Blood - White Blood Cells

A

Monocytes

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14
Q
  • account for 25% of the WBCs
  • Contain a large, dark-purple-staining nucleus.
  • Produces antibodies, neutralizes or fixes toxins

Blood - White Blood Cells

A

Lymphocytes

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15
Q
  • Thrombocytes
  • Smallest of the formed elements
  • Responsible for blood clotting

Blood - White Blood Cells

A

Platelets

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16
Q

RBCs are reduced in number or hemoglobin content

Blood - Terminologies

A

Anemia

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17
Q

Excessive RBCs are found in the circulating blood

Blood - Terminologies

A

Polycythemia

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18
Q

decrease in the number of WBCs

Blood - Terminologies

A

Leucopenia

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19
Q

increase in the number of WBCs

Blood - Terminologies

A

Leukocytosis

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20
Q

blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery.

Blood - Terminologies

A

Thrombus

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21
Q

a clot that is circulating in blood.

Blood - Terminologies

A

Embolus

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22
Q

a cone-shaped hollow muscular structure

A

Heart

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23
Q

directed dorsad or cranio-dorsad and is attached to other thoracic structures by large arteries, veins, and the pericardial sac

A

Base

24
Q

directed ventrad and is entirely free within the pericardial sac

A

Apex

25
Q

Serous membrane that partially surrounds the heart. Fixes the heart to the mediastinum, gives protection against infection and provides the lubrication for the heart.

A

Pericardium

26
Q

Superficial fibrous layer (fibrous pericardium)

A

Parietal pericardium

27
Q

epicardium

A

Visceralpericardium

28
Q

Visceral pericardium (epicardium) &
Parietal pericardium form this, and contains pericardial fluid

A

Pericardial space

29
Q

Outer serous covering

Heart - Layers

A

Epicardium

30
Q

Thick muscular layer and form ventricular septum.

Heart - Layers

A

Myocardium

31
Q

Separate two ventricles

Heart - Layers

A

Ventricular septum

32
Q

Inner endothelial lining

Heart - Layers

A

Endocardium

33
Q

Receives blood

Heart - Chambers

A

Atrium (right and left)

34
Q

Pumps blood

Heart - Chambers

A

Ventricle (right and left)

35
Q

are thin-walled chambers, each of which features an appendage called an auricle.

Heart - Chambers

A

Atria

36
Q
  • Right - Tricuspid valve
  • Left - Bicuspid valve (Mitral valve)

Heart - Valves

A

Atrioventricular Valve (AV valve)

37
Q
  • Aortic valve
  • Pulmonary valve

Heart - Valves

A

Semilunar valve

38
Q

separates the atrium and
pulmonary artery

Heart - Valves

A

Pulmonary valve

39
Q

separates the
atrium and the aorta

Heart - Valves

A

Aortic valve

40
Q
  • caudal and cranial

Heart – Great Vessels & Vena cava

A

Pulmonary arteries

41
Q
  • right and left

Heart – Great Vessels & Vena cava

A

Pulmonary veins & Aorta

42
Q

are tubular structures that carry blood away from the heart.

Vessels

A

Arteries and arterioles

43
Q

are tiny tubes composed almost entirely of endothelium, a continuation of the simple squamous epithelium that lines the heart and blood vessels.

Vessels

A

Capillaries

44
Q

merge into larger and larger veins.

Vessels

A

Venules

45
Q

are larger in diameter than the arteries they parallel and have much thinner walls.

Vessels

A

Veins

46
Q

is typically quite low. Contraction of skeletal muscles in the limbs and trunk squeezes the thin-walled veins, assisting the flow of venous blood back toward the heart.

Vessels

A

Venous blood pressure

47
Q

usually consisting of two cusps each, are scattered at irregular intervals throughout the venous and lymphatic systems.

Vessels

A

Valves

48
Q

refers to the relaxation of a chamber of the heart just prior to and during the filling of the chamber.

Cardiac Cycle

A

Diastole

49
Q

refers to the contraction of a chamber of the heart that drives blood out of the chamber.

Cardiac Cycle

A

Systole

50
Q

first sound or S1, marks beginning of systole

Heart Sounds

A

Lub

51
Q

second sound or S2, marks beginning of diastole

Heart Sounds

A

Dub

52
Q

associated with the rapid ventricular filling phase after the initial opening of the A-V valves.

Heart Sounds

A

Third sound

53
Q

associated with atrial contraction.

Heart Sounds

A

Fourth sound

54
Q

abnormally slow
heartbeat.

Heart – Terminologies

A

Bradycardia

55
Q

abnormally rapid heartbeat.

Heart – Terminologies

A

Tachycardia

56
Q

No heartbeat.

Heart – Terminologies

A

Arrhythmia

ZOOT 1100 Prelims (7 decks)

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