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ZOOT 1100 Prelims > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

primary functional cell of the nervous system

A

Neuron

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2
Q

supporting cells, e.g. astrocytes

A

Neuroglia

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3
Q

something that excites or activates

A

Stimulus

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4
Q

a wave of excitation transmitted through nervous tissue

A

Impulse

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5
Q

an automatic, involuntary response to change

A

Reflex

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6
Q

cell body

Nerve Cells - Neuron Parts

A

Soma

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7
Q

transmit electrical signals toward the cell body

Nerve Cells - Neuron Parts

A

Dendrites

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8
Q

conduct electrical signals away from the cell body

Nerve Cells - Neuron Parts

A

Axon

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9
Q

conduct signals from receptors to the central nervous system (CNS)

Functional Classification

A

Sensory or afferent

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10
Q

conduct signals from the CNS to effector organs such as muscles and glands

Functional Classification

A

Motor or efferent

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11
Q

conduct signals from one neuron to another, and are mainly confined to the CNS

Functional Classification

A

Interneurons or association neurons

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12
Q

having only one process

Neuron Structural Classification

A

Unipolar

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13
Q

having one dendrite and one axon, and these are common in sensory system

Neuron Structural Classification

A

Bipolar

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14
Q

are sensory neurons having their single dendrite and axon fused resulting to a single process appearance

Neuron Structural Classification

A

Pseudounipolar

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15
Q

having a number of dendrites and a single axon.

Neuron Structural Classification

A

Multipolar

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16
Q

regulate extracellular brain fluid composition; promote tight junctions to form blood-brain barrier

Nerve Cells – Neuroglia

A

Astrocytes

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17
Q

line brain ventricles and spinal cord central canal; help form choroid plexuses that secrete CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid)

Nerve Cells – Neuroglia

A

Ependymal cells

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18
Q

is a clear, colorless, watery fluid that flows in and around your brain and spinal cord.

Nerve Cells – Neuroglia

A

CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid)

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19
Q

specialized macrophage

Nerve Cells – Neuroglia

A

Microglia

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20
Q

form the myelin sheaths that surrounds axon of neurons in the CNS (Central Nervous System

Nerve Cells – Neuroglia

A

Oligodendrocytes

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21
Q

wrap around portion of only one axon to form myelin sheath of the neuron in the PNS.

Nerve Cells – Neuroglia

A

Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes

22
Q

surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia; provide support and nutrients

Nerve Cells – Neuroglia

A

Satellite cells

23
Q

The connective tissue coverings of the brain (cranial) and spinal cord (spinal).

CNS – Layers

A

Meninges

24
Q

, the thick outermost layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue

CNS – Layers

A

Dura mater or Pachymeninx

25
Q

the middle layer with thin filaments creating a weblike appearance

CNS – Layers

A

Arachnoid

26
Q

the innermost layer that directly covers the surface of the brain

CNS – Layers

A

Pia mater

27
Q

combination of arachnoid plus the pia mater

CNS – Layers

A

Leptomeninx

28
Q
  • Letter H; Inner /deep, composed mainly of nerve cell bodies

Spinal Cords Parts

A

Gray matter/substance

29
Q
  • Superficially; nerve fibers predominate

Spinal Cords Parts

A

White matter/substance

30
Q
  • largest part
  • Touch, vision, hearing, speech reasoning, emotions, learning & the control movements.

CNS - Brain

A

Cerebrum

31
Q
  • Co-ordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and balance.

CNS - Brain

A

Cerebellum

32
Q
  • includes medulla oblongata, pons, mesencephalon and the diencephalon
  • Relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. Breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing.

CNS - Brain

A

Braistem

33
Q

for judgement, foresight, and voluntary movement

Lobes

A

frontal lobe

34
Q

for comprehension of
language

Lobes

A

parietal lobe

35
Q

as the primary visual area

Lobes

A

occipital lobe

36
Q

for intellectual and emotional functions

Lobes

A

temporal lobe

37
Q

controls body temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping, and the display of emotions.

A

Forebrain (prosencephalon)

38
Q

associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.

A

Midbrain (mesencephalon)

39
Q

controls functions outside conscious control, such as breathing and blood flow.

A

Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

40
Q

are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem)

A

Cranial Nerves

41
Q

Smell

Cranial Nerves

A

Olfactory Lobes

42
Q

Vision

Cranial Nerves

A

Optic

43
Q

Eye movements

Cranial Nerves

A

Oculomotor & Trochlear & Abducens

44
Q

Facial touch, temperature, and pain

Cranial Nerves

A

Trigeminal

45
Q

Chewing, saliva production, taste buds

Cranial Nerves

A

Facial

46
Q

Maintain equilibrium, hearing

Cranial Nerves

A

Vestibulocochlear

47
Q

Throat and tongue movement, swallowing

Cranial Nerves

A

Glossopharyngeal

48
Q

Heart and lung signals

Cranial Nerves

A

Vagus

49
Q

Neck muscle and motor functions

Cranial Nerves

A

Accessory

50
Q

Tongue and chewing movements, speech

Cranial Nerves

A

Hypoglossal

ZOOT 1100 Prelims (7 decks)

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