Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Provides shape and form Support Protection Allows movement Produces blood Stores minerals
How many bones in the body?
206
What are the 5 bone classifications?
Sesamoid Long Short Flat Irregular
How are bones supported/
By ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartlidge
What are the 2 divisions of the skeleton?
Axial and appendicular
Examples of bones acting as protective?
EG skull protecting brain
Ribs protecting the heart
What do long bones contain?
Bone marrow - 2 types
Yellow and red
What is yellow marrow?
Has fatty connective tissue and found in the marrow cavity. Body uses it for energy in starvation situations.
What is red marrow?
Red blood cell production - where erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes are formed. They then migrate from here to do their function.
2.6 million cells per second in order to replace those destroyed by the liver
What role do bones play with minerals?
Storage of certain minerals.
Calcium and phosphorous stored to help regulate mineral balance within the bloodstream
Outer layer of bone is called…
Cartlidge
Articular surface
What is a joint?
Where two bones meet
What cartridge for immoveable joints?
Fibrous connective tissue
e.g. the cranium
What cartridge for semi moveable joints?
Fibro cartlidge
Synovial joints?
The most common,
Freely moveable joints held by connective tissue (ligaments) Have fibrous capsule lined with synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.
Function of the articular cartilage?
Coats the ends of the bones against wear and tear.
Reduces friction.
Extra ligaments around the outside provide extra strength.
Muscles also support the joint
Name the 6 types of synovial joint
Hinge (elbow and knee) Pivot (neck where first and second vertebrae meet) Ball and socket (femur and hip) Saddle (carpal bone thumb) Condyloid/ellipsoid (wrist) Plane/gliding (vertebrae)
Effect of ageing on the skeleton
Less calcium absorbed through diet
Slowdown in vitamin D production affects calcium from digestive system to the bones = slower rate of bone production
What happens when bones shrink?
Loss of water from the disks in between the vertebrae
Joints become less flexible - synovial fluid reduces and sheath degenerates
