Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Provides shape and form 
Support
Protection
Allows movement
Produces blood
Stores minerals

Question 2

How many bones in the body?

Answer 2

206

Question 3

What are the 5 bone classifications?

Answer 3

Sesamoid
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

Question 4

How are bones supported/

Answer 4

By ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartlidge

Question 5

What are the 2 divisions of the skeleton?

Answer 5

Axial and appendicular

Question 6

Examples of bones acting as protective?

Answer 6

EG skull protecting brain

Ribs protecting the heart

Question 7

What do long bones contain?

Answer 7

Bone marrow - 2 types

Yellow and red

Question 8

What is yellow marrow?

Answer 8

Has fatty connective tissue and found in the marrow cavity. Body uses it for energy in starvation situations.

Question 9

What is red marrow?

Answer 9

Red blood cell production - where erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes are formed. They then migrate from here to do their function.
2.6 million cells per second in order to replace those destroyed by the liver

Question 10

What role do bones play with minerals?

Answer 10

Storage of certain minerals.

Calcium and phosphorous stored to help regulate mineral balance within the bloodstream

Question 11

Outer layer of bone is called…

Answer 11

Cartlidge

Articular surface

Question 12

What is a joint?

Answer 12

Where two bones meet

Question 13

What cartridge for immoveable joints?

Answer 13

Fibrous connective tissue

e.g. the cranium

Question 14

What cartridge for semi moveable joints?

Answer 14

Fibro cartlidge

Question 15

Synovial joints?

Answer 15

The most common,
Freely moveable joints held by connective tissue (ligaments) Have fibrous capsule lined with synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.

Question 16

Function of the articular cartilage?

Answer 16

Coats the ends of the bones against wear and tear.
Reduces friction.
Extra ligaments around the outside provide extra strength.
Muscles also support the joint

Question 17

Name the 6 types of synovial joint

Answer 17

Hinge (elbow and knee)
Pivot (neck where first and second vertebrae meet)
Ball and socket (femur and hip)
Saddle (carpal bone thumb)
Condyloid/ellipsoid (wrist)
Plane/gliding (vertebrae)

Question 18

Effect of ageing on the skeleton

Answer 18

Less calcium absorbed through diet

Slowdown in vitamin D production affects calcium from digestive system to the bones = slower rate of bone production

Question 19

What happens when bones shrink?

Answer 19

Loss of water from the disks in between the vertebrae

Joints become less flexible - synovial fluid reduces and sheath degenerates