Skeletal System Flashcards
Functions
- support and protection
- body movement
- produces blood cells
- storage of minerals and fats
Function 1
support and protection
function 2
body movement
function 3
produce blood cells
function 4
storage of minerals and fats
how many bones are in your body?
206 bones
Axial skeleton (80 bones)
head and trunk of vertebrate
central axis of human skeleton
supports upright position and protects internal organs
appendicular skeleton
portion of the skeleton of vertebrates made up of bones that support appendages
limbs
aid in movement of body
arms, forearms, hands, pelivs
bone structure- long bone
- epiphysis (end)
- diaphysis (shaft)
- articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage, padding)
- periosteum (membrane that covers entire bone)
proximal epiphysis
the epiphysis that is closest to the bodys center
distal epiphysis
the one that is the farthest away
inside the long bone- medullary cavity
hollow chamber filled with bone marrow red marrow (blood) yellow marrow (fat)
types of bone tissue
compact
spongy
compact bone tissue
wall of the diaphysis
spongy bone tissue
cancellous, epiphysis- red marrow
classification of bones-
long short flat irregular sesamoid
diaphysis
shaft or central part of the long bone
articular cartilage
smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints
periosteum
dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints
red bone marrow
soft, spongy tissue that has many blood vessels
contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
function of yellow bone marrow
aids in the storage of fats in cells called adipocytes
joints
also called an articulation, is any place where adjacent bones or bone and cartilage come together to form a connection
structural joints
fibrous joint
cartilaginous joint
synovial joint
fibrous joint
is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective tissue
cartilaginous joint
the bones are joined by hyaline cartliage
synovial joint
articulating surfaces of the bones are not directly connected
presence of a joint caviy
functional joints
determined by the amount of mobility found between the adjacent bones
amphiarthroisis
is a joint that has limited mobility
diarthrosis
freely mobile joint
are found in the appendicular skeleton and thus give the limbs a wide range of motion
synovial joint types
pivot joint hinge joint saddle joint ball and socket joint condyloid joint plane joint
pivot joint
a rounded portion of a bone is enclosed within a ring formed partially by the articulation with another bone
hinge joitnt
the convex end of one bone articulates with the concave end of the adjoining bone
saddle joint
both of the articulating surfaced for the bones have a saddle shape which is concave in one direction and convex in the other
plane joint
the articulating surfaces of the bones are flat and approximately the same size4 which allows the boned to slide against each other
condyloid joint
the shallow depression at the end of the bone articulates with a rounded structure from an adjacent bone
ball and socket joints
rounded head of one bone fits into the concave articulation of the adjacent bone
biaxial joints
that allows for two planes of movement
flexion/extension
flexing arm
extending arm
adduction/abduction/circumduction
away from midline
towards midline
circling motion
rotation
can occur within the vertebral column
supination/pronation
is the opposite motion, in which rotation of the radius returns the bones to their parallel positions and moves palms like soup spoon
palms downward
dorsiflexion/ plantar flexion
flexing foot
pointing foot
inversion/eversion
turning foot inward- breaking fibula
turning foot outward- breaking tibula
protraction/retraction
scapula bring pulled posteriorly and medially toward vertebrate
shoulders or head, ex, are moved forward
depression/elevation
downwards
upwards
opposition/reposition
thumb movement that brings tip of thumb in contact with finger
flat hand
how many bones in cranium
22
what is the only moveable bone in skull
mandible
what are five vertebral regions
cervical thoracic lumbar sacrum coccyx
how many vertebrate in cervical
7
how many vertebrate in thoracic
12
how many vertebrate in lumbar
5
scoliosis
lateral curvature of spine
kyphosis
hunchback of spine
lordosis
anterior curvature of lumbar- pregnancy
what does thoracic cage protect
heart and lungs
costal cartliage
are bars of hyaline cartilage which serve to prolong the ribs forward
three types of ribs, how many of each
true ribs:1-7
false ribs: 8-12
floating ribs:11-12
main bones of pectoral girdle
clavicle and scapula
humerus (location)
arm bone between your shoulder and your elbow
radius (location)
lateral to ulna in anatomical position (in forearm)
ulna (location)
medial to radius in anatomical position (forearm)
carpals (location)
top of wrist
metacarpals (location)
hand
phalanges (location)
tubular bones of fingers and thumb
femur (location)
thigh bone
tibia (location)
bone on inside of leg (near shin)
fibula (location)
bone on outside of leg (near shin)
tarsals (location)
foot (“tarsals toes”
metatarsals (location)
toes
8 types of fractures
transverse oblique spiral comminuted impacted greenstick open closed
