Integumentary System Flashcards
Integumentary System
encloses internal body structures; site of many sensory receptors; thermoregulation; vitamin D synthesis
Skin
made up of multiple layers of cells and tissues; are held by underlying structures by connective tissue
Layers of Skin
superficial to deep
Epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
Types of Skin
thin skin- located throughout body (
thick skin- located on palms and soles of feet
Keratinocyte
is a cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin
Stratum Basale
deepest epidermal layer (the base)
Stratum Spinosum
spiny in appearance
Stratum Granulosum
grainy appearance
Stratum Lucidum
smooth, seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis
Stratum Corneum
the most superficial layer of the epidermis and is the layer exposed to the outside environment
Come Let’s Get Sun Burnt
Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale
Integumentary System main organs
Skin, hair, nails- protects
Keratin
a fibrous protein forming the main structural constituent of hair, feathers, hoofs, claws, horns, etc
Thin Skin
has a relatively thin epidermis and contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
Thick Skin
hairless and consists of an extra layer of the epidermis known as the stratum lucidum
hair
is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis
hair follicle
stands of hair originate in an epidermal penetration of the dermis called the hair follicle- under skin and hair shaft
hair shaft
is the part of the hair not anchored to the follicle and much of this is exposed at the skin’s surface- in the the epidermis and dermis
hair root
ends deep in the dermis at the hair bulb and includes a layer of mitotically active basal cells- epidermis
free edge
Protects the tips of our fingers and toes as they are the farthest extremities and the parts of the body that experience the maximum mechanical stress- beyond the nail plate
lunula
thick layer of epithelium over the nail matrix forms a a crescent region- closest to the skin of the finger
Epomychium
the nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body and forms the nail cuticle- on the vertical side of the proximal nail fold
Nail Root
nail body forms at the nail root, which has a matrix of proliferating cells from the stratum Basale that enables the nail to grow- lies below the skin under the nail
Pores
a minute opening in a surface, especially the skin or integument of an organism, through which gases, liquids, or microscopic particles can pass- located on the face, chest, back, groin; along the surface of the epidermis
Apocrine Sweat Glands
is usually associated with hair follicles in densely hairy areas, such as armpits and genital regions- located in dermis
Eccrine Sweat Glands
is a type of gland that produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation- located in dermis
Function 1
Protection
Function 2
Sensory
Function 3
Thermoregulation
Function 4
Vitamin D Regulation
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- a type of skin cancer that usually develops on the face or neck area
- main cause is long term exposure to UV radiation from sunlight
- growth or a sore
- surgery is most often used to remove
Melanoma
- a type of skin cancer that starts when melanocytes starts to grow uncontrollably
- genetic, sun exposure
- large mole, skin growth
- chemotherapy, surgery
Eczema
- is a skin condition where your skin becomes itchy, red, bumpy
- caused by weaker immune system, genetics, environment, stress levels
- topical creams
Acne
- happens when your hair follicles are clogged up with oil or dead skin cells- created white/black heads
- medication, topicals
- pimples
first degree burns
- only involve top layer of skin (epidermis)
- red and painful, swelling
- cool the burn and cover it with bandage
2nd degree burn
- outer and part of inner layer of skin (epidermis, dermis)
- often looks wet
- may be caused by hot water, open flames, hot objects, sun, chemicals, and electricity
- blisters, pain, swelling, etc
3rd degree burns
- destroy epidermis and dermis
- also damage bones, muscles, tendons
- charred and no sensation in area b/c nerve endings destroyed
- dark brown color, leathery
- skin graft, IV fluid, etc
4th degree burn
- go through both layers of skin and underlying tissue as well as deeper tissue
- flames, chemicals, etc
- charred looking appearance, which in color, exposed bone and muscle tissue, etc
- professional help to heal
Stretch Marks
- are a type of scar that develops when skin stretches or shrinks too quickly
- streak lines on body
- no treatment- topical maybe
Callus and Corns
- thick, hardened layers of skin that develop when your skin tried to protect itself from friction or pressure
- avoid repetitive actions that cause them
- on feet and toes, hands
- doctors may prescribe custom shoe inserts to prevent corns or calluses from coming back
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cancer)
- caused by sun exposure overtime
- protect skin with clothing, sunscreen, etc
- found on dermis
- flaky skin
- UV=bad
