Muscular System Flashcards
skeletal muscle(voluntary)
fibers are multinucleated structures that compose the skeletal muscle- attached to bone
excitability
able to send electrical waves along the entire length
fascicle
the muscle fibers are arranged in bundles
epimysium
outermost layer, surrounds entire muscle
perimysium
separates and surrounds fascicles
endomysium
surrounds each individual muscle fiber
sarcolemma
muscle fiber membrane
myofibril
individual parallel muscle fiber
sarciplasm
inner material surrounding the myofibril
actin
thin filaments
myosin
thick filaments
cardiac muscle (involuntary)
are only found in the heart
smooth muscle (involuntary)
no striations. these can be found in hollow organs such as bladder, stomach, uterus, intestines, and passageways of circulatory system
elasticability
having the ability to recoil back to its original length
extensibility
allows muscles to stretch or extend
contractibility
allows muscle to pull on its attachment and shorten
subclavius
stabilizes clavicle during movement by depressing it, depression
serratus anterior
moves arm from side body to front of body, assists with inhalation, scapula, protracts ribs
trapzeius
elevates shoulders, scapula rotates inferiorly
rhomboid major
stabilizes scapula during pectoral girdle movement retracts; rotates inferiorly
pectoralis major
brings elbows together, moves elbow up; flexion; adduction; medial rotation
latissimus dorsi
moves elbow back; humerus, extension; adduction
deltoid
lift arms at shoulder, abduction; flexion
supraspinatus
rotates the elbow outwards, at tennis swing
teres major
assists the infraspinatus in rotating the elbow outwards
biceps brachili
performs a bicep curl; also allows palm of hand to point toward body while flexing
triceps brachili
extends forearm, as during a punch
pronator teres
turns hand palm- down
supinator
turns hand palm up
iliacus
raises the knee at the hip
thigh, flexion and lateral rotation; torso: flexion
gluteus maximus
lowers the knee and moves the thigh back
extenstion
gluteus minimus
brings the thigh back together
abduction
gluteus medius
opens thigh, as when doing a split
abduction
adductor longus
brings the thighs back together, it also assists with raising knee
adduction, flexion
rectus femoris
moves the lower leg out in front of the body
tibia/fibula: extension; thigh, flexion
biceps femoris
moves the back of the lower leg up and back towards the buttocks
tibia/fibula: flexion; thigh: extension, lateral rotation
tibialis anterior
raises the sole of the foot off the ground
dorsiflexion, inversion
extensor hallucis longus
raises the sole of the foot off the ground
foot: dorsiflexion; big toes: extension
extensor digitorum longus
raises the sole of the foot off the ground
foot: dorsiflexion; toes: extension
gastrocnemius
lowers the sole of the foot to the ground
foot: plantar flexion; tibia/fibula: flexion
soleus
lowers the sole of the foot to the ground
plantar flexion
tibialis posterior
lowers the sole of the foot to the ground
plantar flexion
flexor digitorum longus
lowers the sole of the foot to the ground
foot: plantar flexion and inversion; toes: flexion
flexor hallicis longus
flexes the big toe
big toe: flexion; foot: plantar flexion
