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Laney Thornton > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

2 Types of Skeletons

A

Axial Skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton

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2
Q

Bones in Axial Skeleton

A

Made up of 80 bones - skull, vertebrate, rib cage, and sternum

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3
Q

Bones in Appendicular Skeleton

A

Made up of 126 bones - pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, and ankles

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4
Q

Total Bones in the Human Body

A

206 bones in human body

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5
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System

A

Support and protect, body movement, produces blood cells, and storage of minerals and fat

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6
Q

5 Classifications of Bones - Long Bone

A

Features - cylinder shape; longer than it is wide
Functions - leverage
Examples - femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, and phalanges

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7
Q

5 Classifications of Bones - Short Bone

A

Features - cube shape; equal length, width, thickness
Functions - provide support and stability while allowing some motion
Examples - carpals and tarsals

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8
Q

5 Classifications of Bones - Flat Bone

A

Features - thin; curved
Functions - points of attachments for muscles; protects internal organs
Examples - sternum, ribs, scapulae, and cranial bones

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9
Q

5 Classifications of Bones - Irregular Bone

A

Features - complex shape
Functions - protects internal organs
Examples - vertebrae and facial bones

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10
Q

5 Classifications of Bones - Sesamoid Bone

A

Features - small and round; embedded in tendons
Functions - protects tendons from compressive forces
Examples - patellae

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11
Q

Epiphysis

A

2 ends of the long bone
PROXIMAL epiphysis - closest to the body’s center
DISTAL epiphysis - further away from the body’s center

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12
Q

Diaphysis

A

Bone shaft

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13
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

At the tip of the proximal epiphysis - hyaline cartilage, padding

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14
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane that covers the entire bone

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15
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Hollow chamber filled with bone marrow

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16
Q

Functions of Red Bone Marrow

A

Where red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are created

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17
Q

Functions of Yellow Bone Marrow

A

Where cartilage, fat, and bone are produced

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18
Q

Compact Bone Tissue

A

Wall of diaphysis

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19
Q

Spongy Bone Tissue

A

Cancellous, epiphysis - red bone marrow

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20
Q

Pivot Joint

A

Movement - uniaxial joint; allows rotational movement

Example - atlantoaxial joint (C1-C2 articulation), proximal radioulnar joint

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21
Q

Hinge Joint

A

Movement - uniaxial joint; allows flexion/extension movements
Example - knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints of fingers and toes

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22
Q

Condyloid Joint

A

Movement - biaxial joint; allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements
Example - metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints of fingers, radiocarpal joint of wrist, metatarsophalangeal joints for toes

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23
Q

Saddle Joint

A

Movement - biaxial joint; allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements
Example - first carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, sternoclavicular joint

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24
Q

Plane Joint

A

Movement - multiaxial joint; allows inversion and eversion of foot, or flexion, extension, and lateral flexion of the vertebral column
Example - intertarsal joints of foot; superior-inferior articular process articulations between vertebrae

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25
Q

Ball-and-Socket Joint

A

Movement - multiaxial joint; allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, and medial/lateral rotation movements

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26
Q

Flexion/Extension

A

Flexion -

Extension -

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27
Q

Abduction/Adduction/Circumduction

A

Abduction -
Adduction -
Circumduction -

28
Q

Rotation - Medial/Lateral

A

Medial Rotation -

Lateral Rotation -

29
Q

Supination/Pronation

A

Supination -

Pronation -

30
Q

Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion

A

Dorsiflexion -

Plantarflexion -

31
Q

Inversion/Eversion

A

Inversion -

Eversion -

32
Q

Protraction/Retraction

A

Protraction -

Retraction -

33
Q

Depression/Elevation

A

Depression -

Elevation -

34
Q

Opposition/Reposition

A

Opposition -

Reposition -

35
Q

How many bones are in the cranium?

A

22 bones

36
Q

What is the only moveable bone in your skull?

A

Mandible - lower jaw

37
Q

Five vertebral regions (superior to inferior)

A 
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
38
Q

How many vertebrae are in cervical?

A

7 vertebrae in the cervical

39
Q

How many vertebrae are in thoracic?

A

12 vertebrae in the thoracic

40
Q

How many vertebrae are in lumbar?

A

5 vertebrae in lumbar

41
Q

Scoliosis

A

An abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column

42
Q

Kyphosis

A

An excessive posterior curvature in the thoracic region

43
Q

Lordosis

A

An excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region and is most commonly associated with obesity or late pregnancy

44
Q

What does the thoracic cage protect?

A

Heart and Lungs

45
Q

Costal Cartilage

A

Bars of hyaline cartilage which serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute very materially to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax

46
Q

Three types of ribs - how many of each

A 
True Ribs (vertebrosternal ribs) - ribs 1-7 (7 ribs)
False Ribs (vertebrochondral ribs) - ribs 8-12 (5 ribs)
False Floating Ribs - ribs 11-12 (2 ribs)
47
Q

Main bones of the pectoral girdle

A

Scapula

Clavicle

48
Q

Humerus - location

A

Long bone in are between elbow and shoulder

49
Q

Radius - location

A

Lower part of your arm between wrist and elbow - when standing in anatomical position, is the bone on the outside; thumb side

50
Q

Ulna - location

A

Lower part of your arm between wrist and elbow - when standing in anatomical position, is the bone on the inside; pinkey side

51
Q

Carpals - location

A

Your wrist area

52
Q

Metacarpals - location

A

Finger bones in your hand before your finger limbs

53
Q

Phalanges - location

A

Fingers and toes

54
Q

Femur - location

A

Thigh bone

55
Q

Tibia - location

A

Shin bone; big toe side

56
Q

Fibula - location

A

Shin bone, pinkey toe side

57
Q

Tarsals - location

A

Back part of your foot

58
Q

Metatarsals - location

A

Toe bones in your foot before your toe limbs

59
Q

Closed Fracture (simple)

A

A fracture in which the skin remains intact

60
Q

Open Fracture (compound)

A

A fracture in which at least on end of the broken bone tears through the skin; carries a high risk of infection

61
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

Occurs straight across the long axis of the bone

62
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

Bone segments are pulled apart as a result of a twisting motion

63
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

Several breaks result in many small pieces between two large segments

64
Q

Impacted Fracture

A

One fragment is driven into the other; usually as a result of compression

65
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

A partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken

66
Q

Oblique Fracture

A

Occurs at an angle that is not 90 degress

Laney Thornton (10 decks)

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