Muscular System

Question 1

Skeletal Muscle (voluntary)

Answer 1

Multinucleated structures that compose the skeletal muscle

Question 2

Smooth Muscle (involuntary)

Answer 2

Found in hollow organs such as bladder, stomach, uterus, intestines, and passage ways of circulatory system

Question 3

Cardiac Muscle (involuntary)

Answer 3

Cardiac muscle are only found in the heart

Question 4

Excitability

Answer 4

Able to send electrical waves (action potential) along the entire length

Question 5

Elasticity

Answer 5

Having the ability to recoil back to its original length

Question 6

Extensibility

Answer 6

Allows muscles to stretch or extend

Question 7

Contractility

Answer 7

Allows muscles to pull on its attachment and shorten

Question 8

Fascicle

Answer 8

The muscle fibers that are arranged in bundles

Question 9

Epimysium

Answer 9

Outermost layer, surrounds entire muscle

Question 10

Perimysium

Answer 10

Separates and surrounds fascicles

Question 11

Endomysium

Answer 11

Surrounds each individual muscle fiber

Question 12

Sarcolemma

Answer 12

Muscle fiber membrane

Question 13

Myofibril

Answer 13

Individual parallel muscle fibers (made up of actin and myosin

Question 14

Sarcoplasm

Answer 14

Inner material surrounding the myofibril (equivalent to the cell’s cytoplasm)

Question 15

Actin

Answer 15

Thin filaments

Question 16

Myosin

Answer 16

Thick filaments

Question 17

Subclavius (prime mover)

Answer 17

Movement - stabilizes clavicle during movement by depressing it
Target Motion Direction - depression

Question 18

Serratus Anterior (prime mover)

Answer 18

Movement - moves arm from side of body to front of body; assists with inhalation
Target Motion Direction - scapula: protracts; ribs: elevates

Question 19

Trapezius (prime mover)

Answer 19

Movement - elevates shoulders (shrugging); pulls shoulder blades together, tilts head backwards
Target Motion Direction - scapula: rotates inferiorly, retracts, elevates, and depresses; spine: extends

Question 20

Rhomboid Major (prime mover)

Answer 20

Movement - stabilizes scapula during pectoral girdle movement
Target Motion Direction - retracts, rotates inferiorly

Question 21

Pectoralis Major (prime mover)

Answer 21

Movement - brings elbows together; moves elbow up (as during an uppercut punch)
Target Motion Direction - flexion; adduction; medial rotation

Question 22

Latissimus Dorsi (prime mover)

Answer 22

Movement - moves elbows back (as in elbowing someone standing behind you); spreads elbows apart
Target Motion Direction - humerus: extension, adduction, and medial rotation; scapula: depression

Question 23

Deltoid (prime mover)

Answer 23

Movement - lifts arms at the shoulder

Target Motion Direction - abduction; flexion; extension; medial and lateral rotation

Question 24

Supraspinatus (prime mover)

Answer 24

Movement - rotates the elbow outwards, as during a tennis swing
Target Motion Direction - abduction

Question 25

Teres Major (prime mover)

Answer 25

Movement - assists the infraspinatus in rotating the elbow outwards Target Motion Direction - extension; adduction

Question 26

Biceps Brachii (prime mover)

Answer 26

Movement - performs a bicep curl; also allows palm of hand to point toward body while flexing Target Motion Direction - flexion; supination

Question 27

Triceps Brachii (prime mover)

Answer 27

Movement - extends forearm, as during a punch | Target Motion Direction - extension

Question 28

Pronator Teres (prime mover)

Answer 28

Movement - turns hand palm-down | Target Motion Direction - pronation

Question 29

Supinator (prime mover)

Answer 29

Movement - turns hand palm-up | Target Motion Direction - supination

Question 30

Iliacus (prime mover)

Answer 30

Movement - raises the knee at the hip; assists the lateral rotators in twisting the thigh (and lower leg) outward; assists with bending over and maintaining posture Target Motion Direction - thigh: flexion and lateral rotation; torso: flexion

Question 31

Gluteous Maximus (prime mover)

Answer 31

Movement - lowers the knee and moves the thigh back, kicking a ball Target Motion Direction - extension

Question 32

Gluteus Medius (prime mover)

Answer 32

Movement - opens the thigh, as when doing a split | Target Motion Direction - abduction

Question 33

Gluteus Minimus (prime mover)

Answer 33

Movement - brings thighs back together | Target Motion Direction - abduction

Question 34

Adductor Longus (prime mover)

Answer 34

Movement - brings thighs back together; assists with raising the knee Target Motion Direction - adduction; flexion

Question 35

Rectus Femoris (prime mover)

Answer 35

Movement - moves lower leg out in front of body, as when kicking; assists in raising the knee Target Motion Direction - tibia/fibula: extension; thigh: flexion

Question 36

Biceps Femoris(prime mover)

Answer 36

Movement - moves back of lower leg up and back towards the buttocks, as when kneeling; also moves thigh down and back and twists the thigh (and lower leg) outward Target Motion Direction - tibia/fibula: flexion; thigh: extension, lateral rotation

Question 37

Tibialis Anterior (prime mover)

Answer 37

Movement - raises sole of the foot off the ground, as when preparing to foot-tap; bends inside of the foot upwards, as when catching your balance while falling laterally toward the opposite side as the balancing foot Target Motion Direction - dorsiflexion; inversion

Question 38

Extensor Hallucis Longus (prime mover)

Answer 38

Movement - raises the sole of the foot off the ground, as when preparing the foot-tap; extends the big toe Target Motion Direction - foot: dorsiflexion; big toe: extension

Question 39

Extensor Digitorum Longus (prime mover)

Answer 39

Movement - raises the sole of the foot off the ground, as when preparing to foot-tap; extends the toes Target Motion Direction - foot: dorsiflexion; toes: extension

Question 40

Gastrocnemius (prime mover)

Answer 40

Movement - lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as when foot-tapping or jumping; assists in moving the back of the lower legs up and towards the buttocks Target Motion Direction - foot: plantar flexion; tibia/fibula: flexion

Question 41

Soleus (prime mover)

Answer 41

Movement - lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as when foot-tapping or jumping; maintains posture while walking Target Motion Direction - plantar flexion

Question 42

Tibialis Posterior (prime mover)

Answer 42

Movement - lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as when foot-tapping or jumping Target Motion Direction - plantar flexion

Question 43

Flexor Digitorum Longus (prime mover)

Answer 43

Movement - lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as when foot-tapping or jumping; bends the inside of the foot upward and flexes the toes Target Motion Direction - foot: plantar flexion and inversion; toes: flexion

Question 44

Flexor Hallicis Longus (prime mover)

Answer 44

Movement - flexes the big toe | Target Motion Direction - big toe: flexion; foot: plantar flexion