Respiratory System

Question 1

Primary Functions

Answer 1

To provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration
Remove the waste product, carbon dioxide
Help to maintain acid-base balance

Question 2

Secondary Functions

Answer 2

Sensing odors
Speech production
Straining (during childbirth or coughing)

Question 3

Conducting Zone

Answer 3

Moves air in and out of the lungs

Question 4

Respiratory Zone

Answer 4

Moves gasses in and out of the blood

Question 5

Nose

Answer 5

The major entrance and exit for the respiratory system

Question 6

Pharynx

Answer 6

The part of the throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and superior to the esophagus, and larynx.

Question 7

Larynx

Answer 7

The cartilaginous structure that connects the pharynx to the trachea and helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs. The larynx is also involved in sound production and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.

Question 8

Trachea (windpipe)

Answer 8

Is a tube that connects the pharynx or larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air.

Question 9

Alveolar Duct

Answer 9

A tube composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, which opens into a cluster of alveoli.

Question 10

Alveolus

Answer 10

One of the many small, grape-like sacs that are attached to the alveolar ducts.
(Alveoli are connected to their neighbors by alveolar pores, which help maintain equal air pressure throughout the alveoli and lung.)

Question 11

Alveolar Sca

Answer 11

A cluster of many individual alveoli that are responsible for gas exchange.

Question 12

Boyle’s Law (formula)

Answer 12

P1V1 = P2V2

Question 13

Boyle’s Law

Answer 13

Pressure and volume are inversely related
As volume increases, pressure decreases
As volume decreases, pressure increases

Question 14

Inspiration

Answer 14

Thoracic cavity expands
External intercostal muscles contract
Diaphragm contracts

Question 15

Expiration

Answer 15

Thoracic cavity reduces
External intercostal muscles relax
Diaphragm relaxes

Question 16

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 16

The control center in the brain that tells us to breathe

Question 17

Eupnea

Answer 17

Also known as quiet breathing; a mode of breathing that occurs at rest and does not require the cognitive thought of the individual. During quiet breathing, the diaphragm and external intercostals must contract.

Question 18

Diaphragmatic Breathing

Answer 18

A deep breath; requires the diaphragm to contract. As the diaphragm relaxes, air passively leaves the lungs. A shallow breath, called costal breathing, requires contraction of the intercostal muscles. As the intercostal muscles relax, air passively leaves the lungs.

Question 19

Hyperpnea

Answer 19

Forced breathing; a mode of breathing that can occur during exercise and actions that require the active manipulation of breathing, such as singing. During forced breathing, inspiration and expiration both occur due to muscle contractions.

Question 20

Diaphragm

Answer 20

The main breathing muscle

Question 21

Atelectasis (collapsed lung)

Answer 21

A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are either partially or totally collapsed. Atelectasis usually occurs in patients who cannot or will not take deep breaths to fully expand the lungs to keep the passageways open.

Question 22

Pneumonia

Answer 22

Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by either viruses, fungi, protists, or bacteria. Inflammation occurs in the infected areas, with an accumulation of cell debris and fluid. In certain pneumonias, lung tissue is destroyed. If severe enough, it can lead to death.

Question 23

Asthma

Answer 23

A potentially life-threatening lung condition in which the body reacts to an allergy by causing constriction of the airways of the lungs.

Question 24

Emphysema

Answer 24

A nonreversible lung condition in which the alveolar air sacs are destroyed and the lung itself becomes “floppy”. As the alveoli are destroyed, it becomes more difficult for gasses to diffuse between the lungs and the blood. The lung tissue becomes fragile and can easily rupture, causing air to escape into the thoracic cavity and further inhibit gas exchange.

Question 25

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 25

A lung disease in which there are inflamed airways and large amounts of sputum are being produced. As inflammation occurs, the airways swell, and the inner diameter of the airway becomes smaller. As they get smaller, it becomes difficult to move air in and out, which increases the work of breathing. Because of this increased work level, more oxygen is used, and more carbon dioxide is being produced.

Question 26

Pneumothorax

Answer 26

A condition in which there is air inside the thoracic cavity and outside the lungs, often in the pleural cavity. Gas or fluid may be forced into the cavity, separating the layers of the membrane.

Question 27

Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 27

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that thrives in areas of the body that have high oxygen content, such as the lung. Tuberculosis bacilli can remain dormant in the body for years before beginning to multiply. If it continues unchecked, vast lung damage can occur.