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Marshall Carbajal 3B > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of skeleton

A

Axial Skeleton and Appendicular

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2
Q

How many bones in Axial & list the main bones

A 
Made up of 80 Bones
Head and trunk of vertebrate
Central axis of human skeleton
Supports the upright position and protects internal organs
Skull, vertebrate, rib cage, and sternum
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3
Q

How many bones in Appendicular & list the main bones

A

Made up of 126 Bones
Portion of the skeleton of vertebrates made up of bones that support appendages
Limbs
Aid in the movement of the body
Pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, and ankles

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4
Q

Total bones in human body?

A

206 bones exist in your body.

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5
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System

A

To support and protect. For body movement. To Produce Blood Cells and Storage of Minerals and Fats.

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6
Q

Epiphysis

A

The epiphyses are named according to their location.
The epiphysis closest to the body’s center is the PROXIMAL epiphysis.
The one that is farthest away is the DISTAL epiphysis.

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7
Q

Diaphysis

A

Diaphysis (shaft of bone)

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8
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints.

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9
Q

Periosteum

A

a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.

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10
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Hollow chamber filled with bone marrow.

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11
Q

Compact Bone Tissue

A

Wall of the diaphysis.

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12
Q

Spongy Bone Tissue

A

cancellous, epiphysis. Has red bone Marrow.

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13
Q

Functions of Yellow Bone Marrow

A

Stores Fat

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14
Q

Functions of Red Bone Marrow

A

Creates new blood cells

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15
Q

long

A

Leverage. Includes Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Metatarsals, Humorous, Ulna, radius, Metacarpals, Phalanges.

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16
Q

short

A

Provide stability support, while allowing for some motor function.

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17
Q

flat

A

Points of attachment for muscles. Sternum, Ribs, Scapulae, Cranial bones

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18
Q

irregular

A

Protect internal organs, Vertebrae Facial Bones

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19
Q

sesamoid

A

Protect tendons, Paterliae

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20
Q

Pivot Joint (vertebrae in neck area)

A

Uniaxial joint, allows rotational movement.

Ex: the joint of the first and second vertebrae of the neck that allows the head to move back and forth

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21
Q

Hinge Joint (ebow)

A

Uniaxial joint; allows Flexion/Extension Movements

Ex: the fingers, knees, elbows, and toes, allow only bending and straightening movements.

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22
Q

Saddle Joint (thumb)

A

Biaxial joint; allows Flexion/Extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction movements.
Ex: the trapeziometacarpal joint at the base of your thumb

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23
Q

Ball and Socket Joint (hip)

A

Multiaxial joint; allows Flexion/Extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction and medial/lateral rotation movements.
Ex: Shoulder and hip joints

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24
Q

Condyloid Joint (wrist)

A

Biaxial joint; allows Flexion/Extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction movements.
Ex:elbow, wrist joints, carpals of the wrist, and at the base of the index finger.

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25
Q

Plane Joint (between tarsals)

A

Multiaxial joint; allows inversion and eversion of foot, or flexion/extension, and lateral flexion of the vertebral column.
Ex: intertarsal joints of foot; superior-inferior articular process articulations between vertebrae.

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26
Q

Abduction/Adduction/Circumduction

A

Moving limb away from body. Moving limb towards body. Rotating limb in circle.

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27
Q

Rotation

A

Lateral is rotating away from the midline of the body, outwords. Medial is rotating towards the midline of the body

28
Q

Supination/Pronation

A

hands cupped. Hands flat.

29
Q

Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion

A

Only heel touching the ground. Standing on tippy toes.

30
Q

Inversion/Eversion

A

big toe up, foot tilted. Big toe touching ground tilted.

31
Q

Protraction/Retraction

A

Moving away from spine. Moving towards spine.

32
Q

Depression/Elevation

A

Lowering body. Raising body.

33
Q

Opposition/Reposition

A

Moving your bones. Keeping them in anatomical position.

34
Q

Flexion/Extension

A

Folding. Straightening

35
Q

How many bones are in the cranium?

A

22

36
Q

What is the only movable bone in your skull?

A

The M a n d i b l e

37
Q

What are the five vertebral regions (from superior to inferior)?

A 
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
sacrum Vertebrae
coccyx Vertebrae
38
Q

How many vertebrae are in cervical?

A

7

39
Q

How many vertebrae are in thoracic?

A

12

40
Q

How many vertebrae are in lumbar?

A

5 L1-L5

41
Q

Scoliosis

A

Scoliosis is where the spine twists and curves to the side.

42
Q

Kyphosis

A

Hunchback bsclly

43
Q

Lordosis

A

its when your spine bends inward like a pregnant person’s back.

44
Q

What does the thoracic cage protect?

A

Protects the heart and lungs.

45
Q

Costal cartilage

A

The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage which serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute very materially to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax

46
Q

Three types of ribs, and how many of each?

A

True Ribs( Ribs 1-7), False Ribs( Ribs 8-12), and Floating Ribs( Ribs 11-12)

47
Q

Main bones of the pectoral girdle

A

the clavicle and scapula.

48
Q

Humerus (describe its location)

A

Located between your shoulder and elbow.

49
Q

Radius (describe its location)

A

The radius is one of the two bones that make up the forearm, the other being the ulna. It forms the radio-carpel joint at the wrist and the radio-ulnar joint at the elbow. It is in the lateral forearm when in the anatomical position. It is the smaller of the two bones.

50
Q

Ulna (describe its location)

A

The ulna is a long bone in the forearm. It lies medially and parallel to the radius, the second of the forearm bones.

51
Q

Carpals (describe its location)

A

The carpal bones are bones of the wrist that connect the distal aspects of the radial and ulnar bones of the forearm to the bases of the five metacarpal bones of the hand.

52
Q

Metacarpals (describe its location)

A

the intermediate part of the skeletal hand located between the phalanges of the fingers and the carpal bones of the wrist which

53
Q

Phalanges (describe its location)

A

The proximal phalanges (hand) are the bones that are found at the bottom of the finger.

54
Q

Femur (describe its location)

A

Thighbone, upper bone of the leg or hind leg.

55
Q

Tibia (describe its location)

A

The tibia is the main bone of the lower leg, forming what is more commonly known as the shin.

56
Q

Fibula (describe its location)

A

The fibula is a bone located within the lateral aspect of the leg

57
Q

Tarsals (describe its location)

A

The tarsal bones are located in the midfoot and the rearfoot (also called hindfoot) areas of the human foot.

58
Q

Metatarsals (describe its location)

A

The metatarsal bones are the bones of the forefoot that connect the distal aspects of the cuneiform (medial, intermediate and lateral) bones and cuboid bone to the base of the five phalanges of the foot.

59
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

Occurs straight across the long axis of the bone.

60
Q

Oblique Fracture

A

Occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees.

61
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

Bone segments are pulled apart as a result of a twisting motion.

62
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

Several breaks result in many small pieces between two large segments.

63
Q

Impacted Fracture

A

one fragment is driven into the other, usually as a result of compression.

64
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

A partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken.

65
Q

Open (or Compound) Fracture

A

a fracture in which at least one end of the broken bone tears through the skin; carries a high risk of infection

66
Q

Closed (or Simple) Fracture

A

A fracture in which the skin stays intact.

Marshall Carbajal 3B (10 decks)

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