Nervous System

Question 1

Function of Nervous System

Answer 1

The function of the nervous system is to detect impulses from the senses; control center of the body

Question 2

Major Organs of Nervous System

Answer 2

Brain
Spinal Cord
Senses
Nerves

Question 3

Difference between Neurons and Neuroglia

Answer 3

Neurons make up 10% of the nervous system

Neuroglia “nerve-glue”, make up 90% of the nervous system

Question 4

Dendrite

Answer 4

Receive the nerve impulses from the senses or another neuron

Question 5

Soma

Answer 5

Body of the neuron that holds the nucleus

Question 6

Schwann Cells

Answer 6

The main glial cells of the peripheral nervous system which wrap around axons of motor and sensory neurons to form the myelin sheath.

Question 7

Node of Ranvier

Answer 7

impulses jump from node to node, which increase speed of impulse

Question 8

Myelin

Answer 8

insulates the axon. Produced by the Schwann cells

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

Passageway for nerve impulses after cell body; end in axon terminal.

Question 10

Axon Terminal

Answer 10

The button-like endings of axons through which axons make contact with other nerve cells.

Question 11

CSF

Answer 11

The cerebrospinal fluid protects the brain by preventing the it from contacting the skull. It also maintains the blood-brain barrier, which controls homeostasis for the brain and prevents infection.

Question 12

Cerebrum

Answer 12

Largest part of brain. Divided into 2 hemispheres. Outer cerebral cortex= “gray matter,” made of cell bodies & dendrites. Controls conscious activities. Inner cerebral medulla= “white matter,” made of myelinated axons

Question 13

Frontal Lobe

Answer 13

Voluntary movements (walking), Reasoning & decision-making, Memory, Ability to predict consequences of actions, Planning, Verbal communication

Question 14

Parietal Lobe

Answer 14

The parietal lobe controls: Sensations, Visual-spatial processing, Body position

Question 15

Occipital Lobe

Answer 15

The occipital lobe controls: Visual processing- vision & memory of objects

Question 16

Temporal Lobe

Answer 16

The temporal lobe controls: Memory, Comprehension & pronunciation of words, Sensations of smell and sound, Emotional association of memories

Question 17

Thalamus

Answer 17

2 bulb-shaped halves in the center of the brain. Relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex for processing and sorting

Question 18

Hypothalamus

Answer 18

Controls hormones released by pituitary gland (often called the “master endocrine gland”)
Responsible for autonomic processes (body temperature, hunger, sleep, thirst, blood volume, etc)

Question 19

Brainstem

Answer 19

Located between the cerebrum and spinal cord.

Question 20

Midbrain

Answer 20

Also known as mesencephalon. Relays info to cerebrum. Controls body movements and postures

Question 21

Pons

Answer 21

Almost completely made of white matter that links cerebral cortex and cerebellum
Carries info from one side of brain to the other (why its called the bridge)
Central control of breathing

Question 22

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 22

Located above the spinal cord
Transmits impulses between spinal cord and the brain
Controls blood pressure, heart rate, swallowing, and coughing

Question 23

Cerebellum

Answer 23

Second largest part of brain, Near back of skull, Responsible for coordinating the movements directed by the cerebrum so that they are graceful and efficient, All involuntary movements, Aids in “muscle memory”

Question 24

Spinal Cord

Answer 24

Extends from the medulla oblongata. 31 pairs of spinal nerves branch out from the spinal cord, connecting to all parts of the body. Relays impulses from the PNS to the brain.

Question 25

Merkel’s Disk

Answer 25

Touch.

Question 26

Free Nerve ending

Answer 26

Pain and Temperature. 1st layer under skin.

Question 27

Hair follicle receptor

Answer 27

Touch. Where the hair.

Question 28

Ruffni’s Corpsucle

Answer 28

Touch and Pressure

Question 29

Pacinian Corpuscle

Answer 29

Pressure

Question 30

malleus

Answer 30

Hammer

Question 31

incus

Answer 31

Anvil

Question 32

stapes

Answer 32

Stirrup

Question 33

Cochlea

Answer 33

The inner ear contains the cochlea, a bony snail-shaped structure containing membranes filled with fluid.

Question 34

Cornea

Answer 34

Cornea is made of thick, transparent tissue. Function: allows light into the eye

Question 35

Pupil

Answer 35

Pupil is the opening in the center of the iris.
Function: muscles regulate the amount of light entering the eye. Low light- pupil wide open. High light- pupil nearly closed.

Question 36

Iris

Answer 36

The iris is located behind the cornea. It is the colored part of the eye. Function: works with pupil to regulate light entering the eye.

Question 37

Retina

Answer 37

The retina, located in the back of the eye, contains thousands of photoreceptors. There are two kinds of photoreceptors: Rods (distributed all over the retina. Responsible for vision in low light, extremely sensitive). Cones (concentrated in center of retina. Responsible for detection of colors, less sensitive)

Question 38

Lens

Answer 38

The lens is a semi-solid disc that directs light waves towards the retina. It is controlled by ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments. These muscles and ligaments help bend or flatten the lens based on the distance of the image being viewed. The lens becomes less elastic with age, causing some adults to need corrective lenses to have difficulty focusing at certain distances.

Question 39

Papillae

Answer 39

The tongue is filled with bumps called papillae. Many of these papillae contain taste buds, which contain chemoreceptors.

Question 40

Farsighted vs Nearsighted (what is the difference?)

Answer 40

Short sightedness is the exact opposite of long sightedness and means your near-vision (ability to see things up close) is clear, while your long-vision (ability to see things in the distance) is blurry.