Muscular System Flashcards
Skeletal Muscle (voluntary)
Skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleated structures that compose the skeletal muscle.
Cardiac Muscle (involuntary)
Cardiac muscle are only found in the heart
Smooth Muscle (involuntary)
Smooth muscles are called so because they do not have striations. These can be found in hollow organs such as bladder, stomach, uterus, intestines, and passageways of circulatory system.
Exicability
Able to send electrical waves (action potential) along the entire length
Elasticity
Having the ability to recoil back to its original length
Extensibility
Extensibility
Allows muscles to stretch or extend
Contractility
Allows muscles to pull on its attachment and shorten
Fascicle
The muscle fibers that are arranged in bundles
Epimysium
Outermost layer, surrounds entire muscle
Perimysium
Separates and surrounds fascicles
Endomysium
Surrounds each individual muscle fiber
Sarcolemma
Muscle fiber membrane
Myofibril
Individual parallel muscle fibers (made up of actin and myosin)
Sarcoplasm
Inner material surrounding the myofibril (equivalent to the cell’s cytoplasm)
Actin
Thin filaments
Myosin
Thick filaments
Pronator teres
Pronation;
Turns hand palm down
Supinator
Supination;
Turns hand palm-up
Biceps Brachii
Flexion: Supination
Performs a bicep curl; also allows palm of hand toward body while flexing.
Triceps Brachii
Extension
Extends Forearm, as during a punch.
Pectoralis Major
Flexion; Adduction, Medial Rotation
Brings elbows together, moves elbow up (as during an uppercut punch)
Latissimus Dorsi
Humerus: Extension, Adduction, and Medial Rotation
Scapula: Depression
Moves elbow back (as in elbowing someone standing behind you); spreads elbows apart.
Deltoid
Abduction: Flexion, Extension, Medial and lateral rotation
Lift arms at shoulder
Subclavius
Depression
Stabilizes clavicle during movement by depressing it
serratus anterior
Scapula: Protracts: Ribs: Elevates
Moves body from side of body to front of body. Assists with inhalation.
Trapezius
Scapula: Rotates Inferiorly, retracts elevates and depresses spine extends Elevates Shoulders (shrugging) pulls shoulder blades together, tilts head backward.
Rhomboid Major
Retracts: Rotates: Inferiorly
Stabilizes Scapula during Pectoral girdle movement
Supraspinatus
Abduction
Rotates the elbow outwards as during a tennis swing.
Teres major
Extension: Adduction
Assists the infraspinatus in rotating the elbow outwards
Gastrocnemius
Foot: Plantar Flexion
Tibia/Fibula: Flexion
Lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as when foot tapping or jumping; it also assists in moving the back of the lower legs up and back towards the buttocks
Soleus
Plantar Flexion
Lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as when foot tapping or jumping; it also maintains posture while walking.
Tibialis Posterior
Plantar Flexion
Lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as when foot tapping or jumping.
Flexor digitorum longus
Foot: Plantar Flexion and Inversion
Toes: Flexion
Lowers the sole of the foot to the ground, as when foot tapping or jumping. It also bends the inside of the foot upward and flexes the toes
Flexor Hallicis Longus
Big Toe: Flexion
Foot: Plantar Flexion
Flexes the big toe.
Tibialis Anterior
Dorsiflection, Inversion
Raises the sole of the foot off the ground, as when preparing to foot tap; bends the inside of the foot upwards as when catching your balance while falling laterally toward the opposite side as the balancing foot
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Foot: Dorsiflexion
Big Toe: Extension
Raises the sole of the foot off the ground, as when preparing to foot tap; extends the big toe.
Extensor digitorum longus
Foot: Dorsiflexion
Toes: Extension
Raises the sole of the foot off the ground, as when preparing to foot tap; extends the toes.
biceps femoris
Tibia/Fibula: Flexion
Thigh: Extension, Lateral rotation.
Moves the back of the lower leg up and back towards the buttocks, as when kneeling; also moves the thigh down and back and twists the thigh (Lower leg) outward
Rectus Femoris
Tibia/Fibula: Extension
Thigh: Flexion
Moves the lower leg out in front of the body as when kicking.
Adductor longus
Adduction, Flexion; Brings the thighs back together, it also assists with raising the knee.
iliacus
Thigh: flexion and lateral rotation
Torso: flexion
Raises the knee at the hip, as if performing a knee attack, it also assists the lateral rotators in twisting the thigh (and lower leg) outward, and assists with bending over and maintaining posture.
gluteus maximus
Extension; Lowers the knee and moves the thigh back, as when getting ready to kick a ball.
gluteus medius
Abduction; Opens the thigh, as when doing a split.
gluteus minimus
Abduction; Brings the thighs back together.
